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Ensure your microbiome-centric scalp product excels. Obtain expert certification to amplify its benefits in your messaging. Contact us today. Scalp Microbiome Testing As the scalp care industry grows, consumers demand transparency from the brands formulating their products. It has become essential for formulators to create products they are willing to test to present scientifically backed data-driven evidence of their products' true effects. Sequential offers microbiome testing for your scalp care formulations, ranging from scalp serums, shampoos, conditioners, oils, etc. We are dedicated to understanding how your product interacts with the scalp and its microbes. Depending on how in-depth you want to go, we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. Download Case Study! Personalized Approach to Testing Unlike other methodologies present within the industry, Sequential's approach ensures that your product's data and analysis will stand the test of industry regulations when they are introduced. You can tailor your study entirely to your unique requirements. Test Products in a Real-Life Context The microbiome comprises a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live together in a delicate balance, which is why it's best to test directly upon it directly. To fully understand the impact a product is having on the microbiome, in vivo is the only way. Collect Longitudinal Data With in vivo testing we can design your study around the extended use of a product over multiple time points. This allows us to review how a product is performing before and after usage, but also take into account its gradual impact on the microbiome. Measure Against a Control Group Measure a product against a control group that might have a different percentage of your active ingredient within its formulation or no active at all. This will allow for deeper insights into the impact of a formulation on microbial balance and diversity. 4 Sequencing Reports To Pick From Depending on your development stage and what you are interested in studying we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. With our qPCR Smart Probes™ we can go down to the strain level in our analysis. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Unlike hair, the scalp is formed of a living community of microorganisms such as bacterial and fungal players that can influence the balance of the scalp microbiome, even the subtlest of imbalances can lead to issues such as dandruff, itching, and irritation, resulting in unwanted flaking. Smart Probe s ™ Our dedicated team of scientists have developed a method of evaluating microbes through our Smart Probes ™ . These refer to a panel of 20 key microbes we have specifically identified as having the most impact on scalp health. Over and above the taxonomic characterisation that 16S offers, which gives us a snapshot of all the genus present within a collected sample (Cutibacterium , Staphylococcus , etc.) our targeted approach takes it a step further, opening the lens to the species (C. acnes ), sub-species (C. acnes defendens ) and even strains within them. This is a crucial distinction as not all strains of a species behave similarly. We find that within these species there are strains associated with inflammation and strains that are commensal, and beneficial. Gold Standard Certification Sequential has developed the gold standard test for products designed to target the microbiome, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of micro-organisms found on the body, before and after product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial balance and diversity, and particular micro-organisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. We give you an in vivo certification that your product maintains the microbiome. And it’s not exclusive to skincare! We do this for haircare products, oral products, and vulva/vaginal microbiomes. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Supplement Your Microbiome Study Recruitment Services Let us take care of the entire candidate recruitment process for you! View More Biophysical Assessments Increase your data on the use of your product by evaluating additional biophysical factors. View More Formulation Support Seek consultation advice for your formulation if you are re-formulating or developing a new product. View More FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

At Sequential we take your privacy seriously. For a full breakdown, please read through our policy on how we use your information for microbiome product testing. Privacy Policy 1. Introduction 1.1 Important information and who we are Welcome to Sequential Skin Ltd’s Privacy and Data Protection Policy (“Privacy Policy”). At Sequential Skin Ltd (“we”, “us”, or “our”) we are committed to protecting and respecting your privacy and Personal Data in compliance with the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”), the Data Protection Act 2018 and all other mandatory laws and regulations of the United Kingdom. This Privacy Policy explains how we collect, process and keep your data safe. The Privacy Policy will tell you about your privacy rights, how the law protects you, and inform our employees and staff members of all their obligations and protocols when processing data. The individuals from which we may gather and use data can include: Customers Suppliers Business contacts Employees/Staff Members Third parties connected to your customers Collaborators, academic institutes, industry partners. and any other people that the organisation has a relationship with or may need to contact. This Privacy Policy applies to all our employees and staff members and all Personal Data processed at any time by us. 1.2 Your Data Controller Sequential Skin Ltd is your Data Controller and responsible for your Personal Data. We are not obliged by the GDPR to appoint a data protection officer and have not voluntarily appointed one at this time. Therefore, any inquiries about your data should either be sent to us by email to team@sequential.bio or by post to 85 Great Portland Street, London, W1W 7LT, United Kingdom. You have the right to make a complaint at any time to the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), the UK supervisory authority for data protection issues (www.ico.org.uk ). We would, however, appreciate the chance to deal with your concerns before you approach the ICO so please contact us in the first instance. 1.3 Processing data on behalf of a Controller and processors’ responsibility to you In discharging our responsibilities as a Data Controller we have employees who will deal with your data on our behalf (known as “Processors”). The responsibilities below may be assigned to an individual or may be taken to apply to the organisation as a whole. The Data Controller and our Processors have the following responsibilities: Ensure that all processing of Personal Data is governed by one of the legal bases laid out in the GDPR (see 2.2 below for more information); Ensure that Processors authorised to process Personal Data have committed themselves to confidentiality or are under an appropriate statutory obligation of confidentiality; Implement appropriate technical and organisational measures to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk associated with the processing of Personal Data; Obtain the prior specific or general authorisation of the Controller before engaging another Processor; Assist the Controller in the fulfilment of the Controller's obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject's rights; Make available to the Controller all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the obligations laid down in the GDPR and allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by the Controller or another auditor mandated by the Controller; Maintain a record of all categories of processing activities carried out on behalf of a Controller; Cooperate, on request, with the supervisory authority in the performance of its tasks; Ensure that any person acting under the authority of the Processor who has access to Personal Data does not process Personal Data except on instructions from the Controller; and Notify the Controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a Personal Data Breach. 2. Legal Basis for Data Collection 2.1 Types of data / Privacy policy scope “Personal Data” means any information about an individual from which that person can be identified. It does not include data where the identity has been removed (anonymous data). We may collect, use, store and transfer different kinds of Personal Data about you which we have grouped together below. Not all of the following types of data will necessarily be collected from you but this is the full scope of data that we collect and when we collect it from you: Profile/Identity Data: This is data relating to your first name, last name, gender, date of birth. Contact Data: This is data relating to your phone number, addresses, email addresses, phone numbers. Marketing and Communications Data: This is your preferences in receiving marketing information and other information from us. Technical Data: This is your IP address, browser type and version, time zone setting and location, operating system and platform, and other technology on the devices you use to engage with us. Customer Support Data: This includes feedback and survey responses. Usage Data: information about how you use our website, products and services. We do not collect any Special Categories of Personal Data about you (this includes details about your race or ethnicity, religious or philosophical beliefs, sex life, sexual orientation, political opinions, trade union membership, information about your health, and genetic and biometric data). Nor do we collect any information about criminal convictions and offences. 2.2 The Legal Basis for Collecting That Data There are a number of justifiable reasons under the GDPR that allow collection and processing of Personal Data. The main avenues we rely on are: “Consent”: Certain situations allow us to collect your Personal Data, such as when you tick a box that confirms you are happy to receive email newsletters from us, or ‘opt in’ to a service. “Contractual Obligations”: We may require certain information from you in order to fulfil our contractual obligations and provide you with the promised service. “Legal Compliance”: We’re required by law to collect and process certain types of data, such as fraudulent activity or other illegal actions. “Legitimate Interest”: We might need to collect certain information from you to be able to meet our legitimate interests - this covers aspects that can be reasonably expected as part of running our business, that will not have a material impact on your rights, freedom or interests. Examples could be your address, so that we know where to deliver something to, or your name, so that we have a record of who to contact moving forwards. 3. How We Use your Personal Data 3.1 Our data uses We will only use your Personal Data when the law allows us to. Set out below is a table containing the different types of Personal Data we collect and the lawful basis for processing that data. Please refer to section 2.2 for more information on the lawful basis listed in the table below. Examples provided in the table below are indicative in nature and the purposes for which we use your data may be broader than described but we will never process your data without a legal basis for doing so and it is for a related purpose. For further inquiries please contact us. 3.2 Marketing and content updates You will receive marketing and new content communications from us if you have created an account and chosen to opt into receiving those communications. From time to time we may make suggestions and recommendations to you about goods or services that may be of interest to you. 3.3 Change of purpose We will only use your Personal Data for the purposes for which we collected it, unless we reasonably consider that we need to use it for another reason and that reason is compatible with the original purpose. If you wish to get an explanation as to how the processing for the new purpose is compatible with the original purpose, please contact us. If we need to use your Personal Data for an unrelated purpose, we will notify you and we will explain the legal basis which allows us to do so. Please note that we may process your Personal Data without your knowledge or consent, in compliance with the above rules, where this is required or permitted by law. 4. Your Rights and How You Are Protected By Us 4.1 Your Legal Rights Under certain circumstances, you have the following rights under data protection laws in relation to your personal data: Right to be informed. You have a right to be informed about our purposes for processing your personal data, how long we store it for, and who it will be shared with. We have provided this information to you in this policy. Right of access. This enables you to receive a copy of the personal data we hold about you and to check that we are lawfully processing it (also known as a "data subject access request"). See section 4.4 below for more details on how you can make a data subject access request. Right to rectification. You have a right to request correction of the personal data that we hold about you. This enables you to have any incomplete or inaccurate data we hold about you corrected, though we may need to verify the accuracy of the new data you provide to us. Right to erasure. You have the right to ask us to delete or remove personal data where there is no good reason for us continuing to process it, where you have successfully exercised your right to object to processing (see below), where we may have processed your information unlawfully or where we are required to erase your personal data to comply with local law. Note, however, that we may not always be able to comply with your request of erasure for specific legal reasons which will be notified to you, if applicable, at the time of your request. Right to object. You can object to the processing of personal data we hold about you. This effectively allows you to stop or prevent us from processing your personal data. Note that this is not an absolute right and it only applies in certain circumstances, for example: (i) Where we are processing your personal data for direct marketing purposes. (ii) Where we are relying on a legitimate interest (or those of a third party) and there is something about your particular situation which makes you want to object to processing on this ground as you feel it impacts on your fundamental rights and freedoms. (iii) In some cases, we may continue processing your data if we can demonstrate that we have compelling legitimate grounds to process your information which override your rights and freedoms. Right to restrict processing. You have the right to request the restriction or suppression of their personal data. Note that this is not an absolute right and it only applies in certain circumstances: (i) If you want us to establish the data's accuracy. (ii) Where our use of the data is unlawful but you do not want us to erase it. (iii) Where you need us to hold the data even if we no longer require it as you need it to establish, exercise or defend legal claims. (iv) You have objected to our use of your data but we need to verify whether we have overriding legitimate grounds to use it. Right to data portability. You have the right to request the transfer of your personal data to you or to a third party. If you make such a request, we will provide to you, or a third party you have chosen, your personal data in a structured, commonly used, machine-readable format. Note that this right only applies to automated information which you initially provided consent for us to use or where we used the information to perform a contract with you. If you wish to make a request under any of these rights, please contact us at team@sequential.bio . 4.2 How Sequential Skin Ltd protects customers' Personal Data We are concerned with keeping your data secure and protecting it from inappropriate disclosure. We implement a variety of security measures to ensure the security of your Personal Data on our systems, including We implement certain security measures to ensure the security of your Personal Data on our systems, including using encrypted servers that gives confidence that personal data is being treated securely.. Any Personal Data collected by us is only accessible by a limited number of employees who have special access rights to such systems and are bound by obligations of confidentiality. If and when we use subcontractors to store your data, we will not relinquish control of your Personal Data or expose it to security risks that would not have arisen had the data remained in our possession. However, unfortunately no transmission of data over the internet is guaranteed to be completely secure. It may be possible for third parties not under the control of Sequential Skin Ltd to intercept or access transmissions or private communications unlawfully. While we strive to protect your Personal Data, we cannot ensure or warrant the security of any Personal Data you transmit to us. Any such transmission is done at your own risk. If you believe that your interaction with us is no longer secure, please contact us. 4.3 Opting out of marketing promotions You can ask us to stop sending you marketing messages at any time by unsubscribing at the bottom of the email. Where you opt out of receiving these marketing messages, we will continue to retain other Personal Data provided to us as a result of interactions with us not related to your marketing preferences. 4.4 How to request your data and the process for obtaining it You will not have to pay a fee to access your Personal Data (or to exercise any of the other rights). However, if your request is clearly unfounded, we could refuse to comply with your request. We may need to request specific information from you to help us confirm your identity and ensure you have the right to access your Personal Data (or to exercise any of your other rights). This is a security measure to ensure that Personal Data is not disclosed to any person who has no right to receive it. We may also contact you to ask you for further information in relation to your request to speed up our response. 5. Your Data and Third Parties 5.1 Sharing your data with third parties We may share non-Personal Data with third parties. We may share your Personal Data with subcontractors or affiliates, subject to confidentiality obligations to use it only for the purposes for which we disclose it to them and pursuant to our instructions. We may also share Personal Data with interested parties in the event that Sequential Skin Ltd anticipates a change in control or the acquisition of all or part of our business or assets or with interested parties in connection with the licensing of our technology. If Sequential Skin Ltd is sold or makes a sale or transfer, we may, in our sole discretion, transfer, sell or assign your Personal Data to a third party as part of or in connection with that transaction. Upon such transfer, the Privacy Policy of the acquiring entity may govern the further use of your Personal Data. In all other situations your data will still remain protected in accordance with this Privacy Policy (as amended from time to time). We may share your Personal Data at any time if required for legal reasons or in order to enforce our terms or this Privacy Policy. 5.2 Third-Party Links This Site may include links to third-party websites, plug-ins and applications. Clicking on those links or enabling those connections may allow third parties to collect or share data about you. We do not control these third-party websites and are not responsible for their privacy statements. When you leave our Site, we encourage you to read the privacy policy of every website you visit. 6. How Long We Retain Your information We will only retain your Personal Data for as long as reasonably necessary to fulfil the purposes we collected it for. We may retain your Personal Data for a longer period than usual in the event of a complaint or if we reasonably believe there is a prospect of litigation in respect to our relationship with you. 7. International Transfer of Data Your information may be stored and processed in the US or other countries or jurisdictions outside the US where Sequential Skin Ltd has facilities. By using Sequential Skin Ltd, you are permitting and consenting to the transfer of information, including Personal Data, outside of the US. 8. Notification of Changes and Acceptance of Policy We keep our Privacy Policy under review and will place any updates here. This version is dated 23 February 2024. By using Sequential Skin Ltd, you consent to the collection and use of data by us as set out in this Privacy Policy. Continued access or use of Sequential Skin Ltd will constitute your express acceptance of any modifications to this Privacy Policy. 9. Interpretation All uses of the word "including" mean "including but not limited to" and the enumerated examples are not intended to in any way limit the term which they serve to illustrate. Any email addresses set out in this policy may be used solely for the purpose for which they are stated to be provided, and any unrelated correspondence will be ignored. Unless otherwise required by law, we reserve the right to not respond to emails, even if they relate to a legitimate subject matter for which we have provided an email address. You are more likely to get a reply if your request or question is polite, reasonable and there is no relatively obvious other way to deal with or answer your concern or question (e.g. FAQs, other areas of our website, etc.). Our staff are not authorised to contract on behalf of Sequential Skin Ltd, waive rights or make representations (whether contractual or otherwise). If anything contained in an email from a Sequential Skin Ltd address contradicts anything in this policy, our terms or any official public announcement on our website, or is inconsistent with or amounts to a waiver of any Sequential Skin Ltd rights, the email content will be read down to grant precedence to the latter. The only exception to this is genuine correspondence expressed to be from the Sequential Skin Ltd legal department.

What is a Microbiome Formulation? What is a Microbiome Formulation? Less is More approach Statistically, Women typically apply around 16 beauty products each day, exposing their skin to about 515 synthetic chemicals daily. (“The Average Woman Uses 16 Beauty Products Every Day. Here Are the Ones Worth the Investment,” 2018) This extensive exposure has led to a rise in skin sensitivity, which now affects 60-70% of women and 50-60% of men worldwide (Sensitive skins wear their own skin microbiota, 2024) - a number that continues to climb. To mitigate these effects, experts advise using fewer, essential ingredients and prioritising simple, balanced formulations over emphasising single "hero" ingredients. This holistic approach fosters skin compatibility, supporting healthier skin with reduced risk of irritation. Traditional vs Microbiome approach The traditional skin care approach highlights a single, "hero" ingredient or a blend of active ingredients to deliver specific benefits, with the spotlight on these components as the main drivers of product efficacy. However, a microbiome-focused approach takes a broader, more holistic perspective. It considers how each ingredient, including non-active additives (functional ingredients), interacts with the skin and its microbiome. This method aims to create formulations that support the skin's natural microbial balance, ensuring that every component contributes positively to overall skin health. Anhydrous Products Anhydrous products, with no water, do not require preservatives since bacteria need moisture to grow. However, they face challenges: incorporating water-soluble actives is difficult, and they are more prone to oxidation and rancidity. Their thick, oil-based consistency may also not suit all skin types, especially oily or sensitive skin. Despite these drawbacks, anhydrous formulations appeal to consumers interested in preservative-free, minimal skincare. Water-based Products Water in skincare products often makes up 80%, requiring emulsifiers to mix with oils and preservatives to prevent bacterial and fungal growth. To avoid contamination, effective preservation is essential. Instead of skipping preservation, reducing water activity can enhance product stability by limiting moisture, which is crucial for safer, less chemically intensive formulations. pH Maintaining a skincare formulation with a slightly acidic pH, ideally below 5, supports the skin's microbiome and barrier function. Alkaline cleansers with pH levels above 7 can disrupt the acid mantle, weakening the barrier and encouraging harmful bacteria. Hülpüsch et al. (2022) found that a higher skin pH (5.7–6.2) in atopic dermatitis patients is linked to increased Staphylococcus aureus colonisation, worsening inflammation and barrier issues. Acidic formulations may help control bacterial overgrowth, reducing flare-ups and promoting skin health in at-risk groups like those with AD. Ingredients Formulations that are high in lipids can strengthen the skin barrier, enhancing hydration and resilience against irritants. Combining gentle surfactants with super fatty agents further reduces potential for irritation and maintains moisture, which is particularly beneficial for sensitive skin types. These principles help prevent disruption of the microbiome, ensuring the skin remains balanced and resilient over time (Van Belkum et al., 2023). The selection of mildly acidic, pH-balanced ingredients close to the skin’s natural acidity (4.7 < pH < 5.7) is crucial, as it helps preserve the skin’s barrier and microbiome. Preservatives To protect the skin microbiome and reduce bacterial growth, it’s essential to minimise preservatives, especially in oil-based products. Anhydrous formulations, which don’t require preservatives, are ideal when possible. For water-based products, alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and natural humectants like glycerin, sodium lactate, and NMF components (ceramide, urea), can improve microbial stability and skin barrier function (Halla et al., 2018). Airless packaging and sterilisation methods like UHT technology can further enhance product safety by minimising contamination, reducing the need for traditional preservatives. Surfactants Water-in-oil System: Choose emulsifiers with a low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio and natural ingredients like plant oils or sugars. Limit emulsifier concentration to maintain skin barrier integrity. Avoid Polysorbate 80, which can promote pathogen growth, and use alternatives like Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate, which self-emulsify when mixed with water. Oil-in-water System: Use microbiome-friendly emulsifiers derived from natural sources like plant oils and sugars. Examples include Olivem 1000, made from olive oil (Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate), and Emulium Mellifera MB, which combines beeswax and jojoba wax (Polyglyceryl-6 Distearate and Jojoba Esters). These emulsifiers help maintain skin health while supporting the microbiome. It's also important to limit the concentration of emulsifiers to avoid disrupting the skin barrier. Fragrances/Essential Oils Fragrances should generally be avoided in skincare formulations, especially for sensitive skin, as many fragrances can cause irritation. However, certain essential oils may serve as antimicrobial agents in products for non-sensitive skin, offering a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. For instance, bergamot and lavender oils demonstrate antibacterial and antifungal effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, though they do not affect S. epidermidis (Kim et al., 2022). Additionally, rosemary oil and phenylethyl alcohol show strong antifungal properties, adding preservative benefits without traditional preservatives. Reference Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., & Segre, J. A. (2018). The human skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(3), 143-155. Halla, N., Fernandes, I. P., Heleno, S. A., Costa, P., Boucherit-Otmani, Z., Boucherit, K., Rodrigues, A. E., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., & Barreiro, M. F. (2018). Cosmetics Preservation: A Review on Present Strategies. Molecules, 23(7), 1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071571 The average woman uses 16 beauty products every day. Here are the ones worth the investment. (2018, December 6). The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/face/essential-skincare-makeup-products-use-everyday/ Sensitive skins wear their own skin microbiota - BEAUTY HORIZONS 1 2021 WW. (2024, March 27). https://digital.teknoscienze.com/beauty_horizons_1_2021_ww/sensitive_skins_wear_their_own_skin_microbiota Hülpüsch, C., Tremmel, K., Hammel, G., Bhattacharyya, M., De Tomassi, A., Nussbaumer, T., Neumann, A. U., Reiger, M., & Traidl‐Hoffmann, C. (2020). Skin pH–dependent Staphylococcus aureus abundance as predictor for increasing atopic dermatitis severity. Allergy, 75(11), 2888–2898. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14461 Van Belkum, A., Lisotto, P., Pirovano, W., Mongiat, S., Zorgani, A., Gempeler, M., Bongoni, R., & Klaassens, E. (2023). Being friendly to the skin microbiome: Experimental assessment. Frontiers in Microbiomes, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2022.1077151 Nielsen, H. L., et al. (2016). Influence of emulsifiers on microbial stability in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(4), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12301 Kim, J., et al. (2022). Antimicrobial effects of essential oils on skin microbiota. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 73(5), 452-460.

How do you know if your microbiome is off? How do you know if your microbiome is off? What is the microbiome? The human microbiome is defined as the full array of microorganisms, and their genomes, that live in and on humans. These microorganisms inhabit a particular site of the human body and form distinct microbial communities (microbiota) such as those found on the skin or the scalp microbiome. The composition of an individual's microbiome can be influenced by several factors such as age, environment and method of birth. Without testing, there are a few signs that can indicate whether your microbiome is potentially off-balance. An imbalance in the microbiome, also known as dysbiosis, can manifest as a condition in different body areas such as acne vulgaris or dandruff. In this post, we explore potential signs of imbalance in the skin, scalp, oral and vaginal microbiomes. Signs of a skin microbiome imbalance Skin-resident microbes inherently help to maintain a healthy skin barrier, however, if disrupted, changes in the skin microbiome can lead to inflammation, dryness, irritation and itchy skin (Skowron et al., 2021). Several studies have also shown that dysbiosis is implicated in the manifestation of inflammatory skin conditions such as acne and atopic dermatitis. Acne One of the major factors involved in acne pathogenesis is thought to be an imbalance of the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes. Although C.acnes is also present on healthy skin, studies show that a loss of microbial diversity and loss of balance between C. acnes phylotypes appears to play a role in the triggering of acne (Dréno et al., 2020). Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Studies have shown that individuals with atopic dermatitis have a disturbed skin microbiome and are more often colonised with Staphylococcus aureus compared to healthy individuals. The presence of S. aureus contributes to the inflamed, dry and itchy skin commonly experienced by individuals with atopic dermatitis. Signs of a scalp microbiome imbalance Studies have revealed that the scalp microbiome is characterized by a relatively low bacterial diversity, as compared to the other body sites and is dominated by Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Malassezia spp (Saxena et al.,2021). Dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome has been linked to conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. Seborrheic Dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis is a common chronic, inflammatory skin disease that can affect the scalp and other sebum-gland-rich areas of the body. Scalp seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a chronic type of inflammatory dermatosis associated with the proliferation of Malassezia species (Wang et al., 2021). The common signs of seborrheic dermatitis are flaking, scaling and inflammation. Dandruff Dandruff is a light disease state of seborrheic dermatitis, also associated with the proliferation of Malassezia species. Thus, scalp microbiome dysbiosis may present itself as dandruff, characterised by mild inflammatory reactions that present as abnormal flaking of the scalp and sometimes with mild erythema (redness). Signs of an oral microbiome imbalance The oral microbiome comprises a complex and diverse community of microorganisms living within the oral cavity and is the third most diverse after the gut and skin microbiome. Changes in the oral cavity can lead to dysbiosis which has been associated with the development of diseases such as periodontitis and gingivitis. Periodontitis (Gum Disease) Periodontitis, otherwise known as gum disease, is an irreversible inflammatory condition that affects over half of the world’s population and is a major cause of tooth loss. Although the cause of periodontitis is multifactorial, the presence of plaque is thought to be the primary factor. Plaque is formed when salivary glycoproteins adhere to the tooth surface, creating an environment for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to colonise. It is the uncontrolled growth of the Gram-negative component of subgingival biofilm that leads to periodontitis (Aruni et al., 2015). Common signs of periodontitis include persistent bad breath, swollen gums and loose teeth. Gingivitis Gingivitis and periodontitis are a continuum of the same inflammatory disease, whereby gingivitis may lead to periodontitis if left untreated. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiome may manifest as gingivitis which is characterised by red, swollen and bleeding gums. Signs of a vaginal microbiome imbalance Vaginal microbiota constitutes about 9% of the total human microbiota. These microbes live in a mutualistic relationship with the host vagina protecting it from potentially pathogenic microbes like those causing bacterial vaginosis (Saraf et al., 2021). Bacterial Vaginosis Changes in the vaginal microbiota including a loss of Lactobacillus species and an increase in facultative and anaerobic organism populations result in bacterial vaginosis (Saraf et al., 2021). This imbalance in the vaginal microbiome often leads to unusual discharge. In summary Whilst these signs can indicate a potential imbalance in your microbiome, they can also be caused by other factors. Microbiome testing would be ideal to provide certainty of an imbalance, however not many personal care brands offer this method of diagnosis to consumers. One example of a skincare brand that does offer this service is Gallinée, enabling personalised skin routine recommendations via an in-depth skin health report. Advice for brands We recommend differentiating your brand by harnessing the power of microbiome testing. The results of our market research on over 3,500 participants found that 80% demand a customised microbiome-based skincare product that factors ethnicity, age, location and skin concerns. By conducting in vivo testing on your products you can ensure they maintain the microbiome. Additionally, we can partner with your brand to offer our at-home skin microbiome testing kit, allowing you to provide skin health reports and personalised product recommendations to your customers based on their individual microbiome profiles. References Aruni, A. W., Dou, Y., Mishra, A., & Fletcher, H. M. (2015). The biofilm community: Rebels with a cause. Current Oral Health Reports, 2(1), 48-56. doi:10.1007/s40496-014-0044-5 Dréno, B., Dagnelie, M. A., Khammari, A., & Corvec, S. (2020). The skin microbiome: A new actor in inflammatory acne. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 21(Suppl 1), 18-24. doi:10.1007/s40257-020-00531-1 Saraf, V. S., Sheikh, S. A., Ahmad, A., Gillevet, P. M., Bokhari, H., & Javed, S. (2021). Vaginal microbiome: Normalcy vs dysbiosis. Archives of Microbiology, 203(7), 3793-3802. doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02414-3 Saxena, R., Mittal, P., Clavaud, C., Dhakan, D. B., Roy, N., Breton, L., . . . Sharma, V. K. (2021). Longitudinal study of the scalp microbiome suggests coconut oil to enrich healthy scalp commensals. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 7220. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86454-1 Skowron, K., Bauza-Kaszewska, J., Kraszewska, Z., Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, N., Grudlewska-Buda, K., Kwiecińska-Piróg, J., . . . Gospodarek-Komkowska, E. (2021). Human skin microbiome: Impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on skin microbiota. Microorganisms (Basel), 9(3), 543. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9030543 Wang, H., Wang, C., Hsieh, S., Hung, Y., & Chen, H. (2022). Evaluation of a new‐formula shampoo containing 6% glycyrrhetinic acid complex for scalp seborrheic dermatitis: A pilot study. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 21(8), 3423-3430. doi:10.1111/jocd.14623

Malodor, or body odor, affects millions of people globally, with studies suggesting that up to 90% of individuals experience some form of body odor during their lifetime, especially in areas such as the underarms, feet, and groin (American Society for Microbiology). TARGETED SKIN PANEL Malodor Targeted Panel 23 Smart Probes ™ Malodor Panel Validated targets: Corynebacterium species, Staphylococcus hominis, Cutibactrium acnes species Absolute Quantification End-to-end Service Qet a Quote Unlock the Secrets of Malodor with Sequential's Cutting-Edge Microbiome Testing Why Microbiome Testing for Malodor? Malodor, or body odor, affects millions of people globally, with studies suggesting that up to 90% of individuals experience some form of body odor during their lifetime, especially in areas such as the underarms, feet, and groin (American Society for Microbiology). This issue arises primarily due to interactions between sweat and the skin’s microbiome, where certain bacteria, like Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus , break down sweat molecules into odorous compounds. The composition of a person’s microbiome greatly influences the severity and type of body odor they experience, which highlights the need for microbiome-focused deodorant formulations. In vivo testing is crucial for deodorants because it allows scientists to see how the product affects both sweat production and the microbiome in real-world conditions. Without proper testing, deodorants might mask odors temporarily but disrupt the natural microbial balance, leading to skin irritation or increased malodour over time. By ensuring deodorants maintain a healthy microbiome, brands can create more effective, long-lasting solutions for body odor. Sequential is leading the way in microbiome testing for the industry. With a specialized focus on skin conditions, we have developed an innovative solution tailored to help you understand the root causes of malodor at the microbial level. Our proprietary sequencing panel is designed specifically to offer in-depth analysis of malodor-associated microbiota, giving you the tools to transform skincare solutions. Customized Analysis Tailored insights specific to malodor, allowing your R&D team to develop more personalized and effective products. Actionable Data Leverage detailed reports to guide formulation decisions and validate product efficacy with precision. Product Innovation New deoderants or enhancing existing lines, our data helps you create targeted solutions with proven results. Precision Sequencing Target specific microbial communities associated with malodor. Smart Probe s ™ Our dedicated team of scientists has developed a groundbreaking method for evaluating microbes through our Smart Probes™, a proprietary panel featuring 23 key microbes specifically identified as having the greatest impact on skin health, particularly in relation to malodor. To further investigate the complex relationship between body odor and the skin microbiome, we employ qPCR technology. This advanced technique enables us to precisely measure microbial populations on the skin, providing deeper insights into how imbalances in the microbiome contribute to malodor, such as the activity of bacteria like Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus . By carefully analyzing how deodorant and skincare products interact with odor-causing microbes, companies can develop solutions that not only target and reduce malodor but also support a healthy, balanced skin microbiome, ensuring long-lasting freshness and overall skin health. Malodor Panel Targets Corynebacterium species These bacteria are known to break down sweat into fatty acids and other compounds that contribute to body odor. They are particularly prevalent in areas like the armpits. Ågren MS, Ghathian KSA, Frederiksen AKS, Bjerrum MJ, Calum H, Danielsen PL, Menon J, Hædersdal M, Jorgensen LN. Zinc Oxide Inhibits Axillary Colonization by Members of the Genus Corynebacterium and Attenuates Self-perceived Malodour: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020 May 28;100(10):adv00145. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3499. PMID: 32399578; PMCID: PMC9137363. Staphylococcus hominis This bacterium is involved in the breakdown of sweat and the production of odor-causing compounds. It is commonly found in areas with high sweat gland activity. Lam, T.H., Verzotto, D., Brahma, P. et al. Understanding the microbial basis of body odor in pre-pubescent children and teenagers. Microbiome 6, 213 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0588-z Cutibacterium acnes species Although better known for its role in acne, this bacterium also contributes to body odor by metabolizing sweat and producing odoriferous substances. Coenye T, Spittaels KJ, Achermann Y. The role of biofilm formation in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Cutibacteriumacnes. Biofilm. 2021 Dec 9;4:100063. doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100063. PMID: 34950868; PMCID: PMC8671523. Industry Leader in Absolute Quantification Sequential’s Smart Probe ™ qPCR approach to microbiome analysis can resolve species and subspecies, giving statistically significant findings between skin conditions on in vivo human samples, compared to conventional sequencing approaches. Relevant Research Unveiling the Microbial Truth: The Unpleasant Reality of Scalp Malodour Don't Sweat It: How Deodorant Disrupts Your Underarm Microbiome Read More Articles

What are the Best Microbiome Tests? What are the Best Microbiome Tests? As interest in the human microbiome grows, various microbiome tests have emerged, each offering unique insights into our health. Understanding which tests are best suited for individual needs can help inform decisions regarding health management and lifestyle changes. Skin Microbiome Testing Skin microbiome testing involves collecting samples from the skin's surface using methods like swabs, tape strips, or skin scrapings to analyse the diversity and composition of microorganisms residing on the skin. The samples are then processed through DNA sequencing techniques to identify microbial species and their relative abundance. This testing provides insights into how the skin's microbial ecosystem impacts health conditions such as acne and eczema. Skin microbiome research is increasingly being used to develop personalised skincare products and therapeutic approaches. (Byrd et al., 2018) Stool Microbiome Testing Stool testing remains one of the most common and accessible methods for analysing the gut microbiome. These tests evaluate the diversity and abundance of microbial species, helping to identify imbalances linked to conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and obesity. A study by Zhernakova et al. (2016) emphasises the utility of stool microbiome tests in detecting dysbiosis and understanding its relationship to health outcomes. Saliva Microbiome Testing Saliva microbiome testing is another non-invasive method, focusing on the oral microbiota. This test can provide insights into oral health, periodontal disease, and even systemic health conditions linked to the oral microbiome. A study by Aas et al. (2005) illustrates that the oral microbiome reflects changes in health status, making saliva testing an essential tool for early disease detection. Blood Microbiome Testing While less common, blood microbiome testing is gaining traction, especially for identifying systemic infections or chronic conditions. This testing method analyses microbial DNA present in the bloodstream, which can reveal insights into conditions like sepsis and cardiovascular diseases. A paper by Cheng et al. (2023) reviews the emerging concept of the blood microbiome, highlighting its potential role in human health and disease, while addressing existing controversies and the need for further research to understand its clinical implications. Tissue Biopsy Microbiome Testing Tissue biopsies are increasingly utilised for studying the microbiome within specific organs, particularly the gastrointestinal tract. This method allows for direct analysis of microbial communities in tissue samples, providing insights into diseases such as colorectal cancer and IBD. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have enhanced the ability to identify and characterise microbial populations in biopsies, as noted by Schulfer and Blaser (2015). Conclusion Choosing the right microbiome test depends on individual health concerns and goals. Stool and saliva tests are excellent for general gut and oral health insights, while blood and tissue tests offer deeper analysis for chronic diseases. As research continues to evolve, these tests will likely become even more integral to personalised healthcare and preventative strategies. References Aas, J. A., Paster, B. J., Stokes, L. N., Olsen, I., & Dewhirst, F. E. (2005). Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(11), 5721-5732. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005 Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., & Segre, J. A. (2018). The human skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(3), 143-155. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157 Cheng, H. S., Tan, S. P., Wong, D. M. K., Koo, W. L. Y., Wong, S. H., & Tan, N. S. (2023). The blood microbiome and health: Current evidence, controversies, and challenges. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(6), 5633. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065633 Schulfer, A., & Blaser, M. J. (2015). Risks of antibiotic exposures early in life on the developing microbiome. PLoS Pathogens, 11(7), e1004903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004903 Zhernakova, A., Kurilshikov, A., Bonder, M. J., Tigchelaar, E. F., Schirmer, M., Vatanen, T., ... & Wijmenga, C. (2016). Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science, 352(6285), 565-569. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3369

Pioneer global in vivo microbiome certification. Redefine skin science for a distinct market edge. Elevate your brand now. Global Leader for in vivo Microbiome Certification Create a World of Healthier Microbiomes In today's competitive market, it's crucial to find a unique selling point that sets your brand apart from the crowd. By harnessing the power of skin microbiome science, investing in in vivo testing, and obtaining the gold standard certification, you can create a competitive advantage that resonates with your customers. Gold Standard Certification Sequential is the gold standard for in vivo microbiome testing, using the most advanced analysis and sequencing technology to extract real and impactful conclusions. Global Testing Platform Having developed a testing platform that transcends continents, Sequential’s certification is globally recognised by academics, professionals and brands across the world. Human Microbiome Testing Sequential relies solely on the in vivo (in or on humans) approach due to the complex nature of the microbiome. The only meaningful way to test the microbiome is in vivo . Proprietary Microbiome Panel Having created a simpler approach to testing with our qPCR Smart Probes™, Sequential is able to measure the impact of a product against 20 key microbes down to strain level. Why is Certification Crucial? At present, there are no legal requirements when it comes to products claiming microbiome benefits. This is because the industry is still a young one, finding its footing and establishing its norms. As a result, Sequential has developed an in vivo testing approach with 25 minimum participants per group study to ensure that our studies are acknowledged at the strictest academic level. Unlike the in vitro approach, our in vivo certification is designed to demonstrate the true impact of all formulations in a real-life context on accurate application sites. Certify your Product Today! Rising Consumer Demand for Microbiome Supporting Formulations At Sequential, we have carried out significant market research on the demand for products claiming microbiome benefits. The results of our market research on over 3,500 participants found that 80% demand a customised microbiome-based skincare product that factors ethnicity, age, location and skin concerns. Moreover, 65% understand that the skin microbiome provides a protective barrier on the surface of their skin, and 60% would spend more on a skincare product that can positively impact their skin microbiome. (Sequential market research in 2019: 99% women, ages 18+) FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

Video on how to take a microbiome sample with Sequential's microbiome testing kit.

Genom and Sequential Announce Strategic Partnership to Advance Microbiome Testing Services in Personal Care and Pharma Sectors Zagreb, Croatia / London, UK – May 6 2025 – Genom d.o.o., a Croatian-based provider of genetic testing services, and Sequential Skin Ltd, a UK-based leader in end-to-end microbiome testing solutions, are pleased to announce a strategic partnership aimed at expanding access to advanced microbiome testing across the personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Through this agreement, Genom and Sequential are collaborating to expand microbiome testing efforts across the Balkans and Slavic regions—areas that have historically been underrepresented in microbiome research. By combining Genom’s deep regional expertise and network with Sequential’s advanced testing platform, the partnership aims to unlock valuable insights from a more diverse population base. This initiative supports both companies’ shared vision of advancing personalized health and product development through inclusive, data-driven innovation in the personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Sequential’s proprietary platform offers extensive sampling capabilities—including skin, scalp, oral, gut, and intimate areas—combined with advanced downstream analysis techniques such as qPCR and next-generation sequencing. With over a decade of academic research backing its methodology, Sequential empowers brands to better understand individual microbiomes and tailor products accordingly. Genom brings to the partnership a strong foundation in molecular biology and over a decade of experience in genetic testing, now expanding into microbiome analytics to support local companies in developing evidence-based products in the personal care and pharmaceutical sectors. Together with Sequential, Genom will play a key role in supporting regional operations, and scientific collaboration. This partnership is designed to jointly deliver tailored microbiome solutions to personal care and pharmaceutical companies. “Partnering with Genom allows us to explore the microbiome in regions that have been largely overlooked,” said Oliver Worsley, CEO of Sequential Skin Ltd . “It’s an exciting step toward building a richer, more representative microbiome dataset — one that will ultimately lead to better, more inclusive solutions in personal care and health.” “We are proud to be bringing world-class microbiome testing to our local industry. This partnership allows brands in our region to validate their innovations scientifically and competitively,” said Maja Barbalić, CEO of Genom d.o.o . About Genom d.o.o. Genom is a Croatian-based company specializing in molecular diagnostics and human genetics. Leveraging a scientific foundation and strategic industry connections, Genom supports its partners in bringing evidence-based innovations to market. About Sequential Skin Ltd Sequential is the world’s leading microbiome platform for skin, scalp and intimate area clinical microbiome testing. Sequential has collected over 25,000 microbiome samples, using machine learning to combine microbiome + clinical data + formulations, for effective personal care and healthcare applications. They are backed by Innovate UK Smart Grants, Enterprise Singapore, Corundum Systems Biology, SOSV, Scrum Ventures, and Metaplanet Holdings. Clients include Johnson & Johnson, Walgreens Boots Alliance, and 60 other leading clients in personal care and pharmaceutical.

Taking a microbiome sample for the purpose of gene expression.

How Do I Test My Microbiome? How Do I Test My Microbiome? The microbiome refers to the collection of trillions of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that live in and on your body, particularly in your gut. (Lloyd-Price, Abu-Ali & Huttenhower, 2016) These microbes are vital components in maintaining our health by aiding digestion, regulating the immune system, and even influencing mood and overall brain function. Given the growing interest in the microbiome's impact on overall well-being, testing the microbiome has broadened its appeal among people. Here's an overview of the process, why it's important, and what the results could reveal. Types of Microbiome Tests Skin tests: Skin microbiome samples are typically collected using non-invasive methods, such as swabs, tape strips, or skin scrapings. A swab is gently rubbed over the surface of the skin to capture microbial communities from different body areas, depending on the research or diagnostic needs. These samples are then sent to a lab for DNA sequencing to identify and quantify the microbial species present (Grice & Segre, 2011). This approach allows for a deeper understanding of how the skin's microbial balance impacts health conditions like acne, eczema, and skin infections. Saliva tests: Saliva microbiome testing is a non-invasive approach to assess the bacterial communities in the mouth, offering insights into oral and overall health. Through next-generation sequencing, saliva samples can reveal significant shifts in microbial composition, serving as early biomarkers for health conditions. For example, Aas et al. (2005) demonstrated that saliva microbiome testing could reveal distinct bacterial profiles associated with oral diseases, suggesting its importance in both oral and systemic health management. Stool tests: Stool microbiome testing evaluates the gut’s microbial composition by analysing bacteria, viruses, and fungi in stool samples. This non-invasive test helps identify microbial imbalances (dysbiosis) linked to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. By using next-generation sequencing, it reveals the diversity and abundance of gut microbes, which can inform insights into digestive, immune, and even mental health. Zhernakova et al. (2016) highlighted its potential in detecting gut-related health issues and promoting personalised healthcare strategies. Comprehensive clinical tests: In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend a more comprehensive testing that goes beyond the standard saliva and stool samples which include blood tests or even tissue biopsies; particularly when chronic conditions are present. These approaches can hold valuable information regarding systemic infections or localised imbalances in microbiota, which can significantly aid in the management of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and even cancer. (Schulfer & Blaser, 2015) Conclusion By testing our microbiome, we dive into important insights of our overall health by identifying imbalances in microbial communities, known as dysbiosis, which are interlinked to various health conditions. Understanding our microbiome composition allows for customised dietary and lifestyle adjustments to restore balance, as specific gut bacteria are essential for digestion, immune function, and mood regulation. (Zhernakova et al., 2016; Young, 2017) Advancements in microbiome research show that testing can aid in managing chronic diseases by guiding personalised treatment and dietary plans based on an individual's microbial profile, improving clinical outcomes and overall well-being (Lloyd-Price et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2021). Regular testing can optimise health, particularly concerning the gut-brain axis and metabolic health. References Aas, J. A., Paster, B. J., Stokes, L. N., Olsen, I., & Dewhirst, F. E. (2005). Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(11), 5721-5732. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005 Lloyd-Price, J., Abu-Ali, G., & Huttenhower, C. (2016). The healthy human microbiome. Genome Medicine, 8(51), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0307-y Schulfer, A., & Blaser, M. J. (2015). Risks of antibiotic exposures early in life on the developing microbiome. PLoS Pathogens, 11(7), e1004903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004903 Zhernakova, A., et al. (2016). Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science, 352(6285), 565-569. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3369

Discover our team of award-winning scientists dedicated to advancing microbiome research for a healthier world. Explore our expertise now. We are a Team of Award-Winning Scientists Creating a World with Healthier Microbiomes Our platform is the result of our team’s combined expertise in genetics, epigenetics, and microbiome research. We utilise deep molecular analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to understand the impact of product usage on an individual’s microbiome. Through our efforts, we hope to revolutionise the way in which the industry develops and tests its products to deliver optimal results to those utilising them. Our Mission Sequential is the industry leader in clinical microbiome research and testing offering a comprehensive end-to-end platform designed to bring science-backed solutions to the personal care and pharmaceutical industry. Our mission is to understand the impact of the microbiome on the host (humans) and how the host impacts the microbiome in order to characterise human health fully. We offer an extensive platform to conduct research on personal care products through microbiome testing, and biophysical assessments, and offer full recruitment services for studies. We are keen to publish our findings with our partners to increase the literature within this space. At present our database of over 20,000 human microbiome samples is one of the most sophisticated within the industry and is growing rapidly. Innovation Pioneering the forefront of biological science, we consistently introduce groundbreaking advancements to redefine industry standards. Transparency Our commitment to openness ensures a clear understanding of our human microbiome testing processes and analysis. Reliability We guarantee dependable results, fostering trust in the accuracy of our analyses. Our Team at Sequential Dr. Oliver Worsley CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER & CO-FOUNDER Oliver is the co-founder and CEO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics as a scholar at the Genome Institute of Singapore from 2014-2018, and has won multiple awards including the P&G Young Entrepreneurship Scheme, presented at the Royal Society in London in 2017; and the top prize at the L’Oréal Innovation Runway 2018. Oliver has previously founded Anya Consulting, a healthcare communications company that has published >150 articles and has produced several technical whitepapers for clients like Fierce Health. Prior, Oliver completed his BSc at Edinburgh University, including six months at Leiden University Medical Centre through the Erasmus Programme. Derek Butler COMMERCIAL DIRECTOR Grace Robinson LAB OPERATIONS Omololu Fagunwa SENIOR BIOINFORMATICIAN Omera Bi R&D PROJECT SPECIALIST Thevi Maran LAB TECHNICIAN Dr. Albert Dashi CHIEF SCIENCE OFFICER & CO-FOUNDER Albert is the co-founder and CSO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics, epigenetics and stem cell research at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the Genome Institute of Singapore in 2019. In 2014, he received the Singapore International Graduate Award from A*STAR for his PhD research and was also awarded the “Young Investigator” award. He also won the “Young Entrepreneur Scheme” award by P&G for his innovative and business driven ideas. Prior moving to Singapore for his doctor program, Albert obtained his Masters in Biomedical Sciences at University of Bern, Switzerland. Marya Sheikh-Ahmed HEAD OF MARKETING Forest Wong SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Dr. Sija Sajibu RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Amber Eades STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS LEAD Petronille Houdart, PharmD SKINCARE DIRECTOR Petronille is Sequential's lead skincare director, focused on translating the latest in skin science to personalised skincare recommendations. She has over a decade in the industry, working with international brands to lead and consult on R&D, creative projects and brand innovation. Petronille also led her own award-winning dermocosmetic brand, Petronille Dermo Cosmetic, that produced customisable products for men and women. Petronille holds an MSc in Cosmetology Sciences and a professional doctorate in pharmacy (specialising in dermo-pharmacy) from Paris Descartes University. Sibora Peca CLINICAL OPERATIONS LEAD Carla Brown SALES ASSOCIATE Shalindri Jayawardene SCIENCE MARKETING ASSISTANT Bindu Priyanka RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Ami Picari JUNIOR CLINICAL ASSISTANT Please find listed a selection of relevant peer-reviewed publications from our advisors. Wu G, TL Dawson, et al. (2015) Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin. PLOS Genetics 11(11): e1005614. Chng, K., Nagarajan, N., et al. (2016) Whole metagenome profiling reveals skin microbiome-dependent susceptibility to atopic dermatitis flare. Nat Microbiol 1, 16106. Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2018). 1039 Skin microbiome profiles of atopic dermatitis patients segregate into two community composition types that are stable before and after therapy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 138. S176. 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1051. Ramasamy S., Barnard, E., Dawson, TL, and Huiying Li. (2019). Role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology. British Journal of Dermatology, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18230. Dawson, TL. (2019) Malassezia: The Forbidden Kingdom Opens. Cell Host Microbe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.010 Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2020). Atopic dermatitis microbiomes stratify into ecologic dermotypes enabling microbial virulence and disease severity. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.031. Dawson, TL. (2021) Malassezia: A Skin Commensal Yeast Impacting Both Health and Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.659219 Bissonnette, Robert & FAAD, & Palijan, Ana & Salem, Youssef & Maari, Catherine & Proulx, Etienne & Edjekouane, Lydia & Joly-Chevrier, Maxine & Devis, Andrew & Dashi, Albert & Worsley, Oliver. (2024). 50694 Gut microbiome differences between patients with moderate to severe Chronic Hand Eczema and healthy subjects. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 91. AB224. 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.889. Supported By Scientific Board of Advisors Our advisors are world leaders in the skin microbiome and have extensive experience in bringing forward solutions for skin concerns Prof. Tom Dawson Senior Principal Investigator at Skin Research Institute of Singapore. Over 30 years experience in biotechnology innovations, and expert in the skin and hair microbiome. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Pharmacology at the Univer sity of North Carolina. Dr Kimberly Capone Dr Kimberly Capone is a pioneer and established expert in microbiology and the human microbiome field where she created new business opportunities across multiple brands over 13 years at Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. Areas of concentration included infant and adult skin, vaginal, gut, and oral health. Prof. Phillip Bennett Phillip Bennett is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Director of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology. Professor Bennett has been one of the key pioneers in researching the vaginal microbiome. In particular, to understand and characterise the impact of the vaginal microbiome on preterm labour. Bennett has published over 400 peer-reviewed research articles over his career. Dr Natalya Fox Dr Natalya Fox is a Dermatologist at the NHS - St George's Hospital, London. Previously, Fox did her MBChB at the University of Edinburgh 201 4 and has her Full MRCP UK in Dermatology. Fox is passionate about the skin microbiome and its place in dermatology. Prof. Elena Lurie-Luke A senior R&D, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Executive with extensive technical, strategic business development. Proven leadership experience in both global FMCG and public health sector environments. Prof. Niranjan Nagarajan Associate Director & Senior Group Leader at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in computation biology, in particular the study of microbial communities resident on the human skin. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Computer Science at Cornell University. Dr Alexander Lezhava Senior Group Leader & Associate Director at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in the commercial development of medical diagnostics and clinical-grade molecular assays. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Microbiology at Hiroshima University. Our Labs Sequential has clinical testing labs in New York City, Cambridge and Singapore. Being close to our customers has allowed us to reduce turnaround time, whilst retaining the intellectual property in-house. Supporting World-Class Clients & Partners