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Discover the power of combining microbiome testing and clinical data. Elevate your understanding with our comprehensive Clinical Assessments. Clinical Assessments for More In-Depth Analysis When it comes to testing your personal care products, we offer add-ons to supplement your microbiome research efforts and facilitate your testing experience. It has become clear in recent years that differentiation is key when creating a formulation for the competitive market, however, differentiation can be incredibly straightforward when backed with the data and scientific evidence to support it. Not only will you differentiate your brand, you will also demonstrate your commitment to providing leading-edge and effective solutions for your customers’ personal care and skincare needs. Start Your Biophysical Study Today! The only way to understand how a product performs is by putting it to the test Hydration Measurement (Corneometry and TEWL) Gain a comprehensive understanding of your product's impact on moisture retention, skin hydration and overall skin barrier function. This data can guide the development of effective moisturizing formulations. Perception Questionnaire Uncovering how users experience and interact with products. These surveys offer valuable insights into subjective factors like texture, scent, and overall satisfaction ensuring that your scientific data is enriched. Elasticity Measurement (Elastometer) Unravel the effect your product has on the skin’s elasticity through the use of elastometers, allowing you to position your product within a firming category with demonstrated benefits for graceful aging. High-Resolution Imaging Use before and after images to provide visual evidence of a product’s impact on the skin’s appearance. These tangible comparisons offer brands the ability to objectively assess changes in the skin. Dermatologist Assessment Measure and quantify inflammatory disease, atopic dermatitis (through SCORAD), psoriasis (through PASI), comedogenicity, and other hallmarks of skin conditions, by our board-certified and in-house dermatologists. Skin pH Measurement Maintain the delicate balance of the skin's acid mantle with your product by measuring pH to ensure compatibility and minimise the risk of irritation for a gentle, biome supporting formulation. FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

Discover the ease of oral microbiome testing with our comprehensive service. Gain insights for a healthier you. Start your journey today. Oral Microbiome Testing As the intimate care industry grows, consumers demand transparency from the brands formulating their products. It has become essential for formulators to create products they are willing to test to present scientifically backed data-driven evidence of their products' true effects. Sequential offers microbiome testing for your intimate care formulations, ranging from mouthwashes, toothpaste, etc. We are dedicated to understanding how your product interacts with the vaginal region and its microbes. Depending on how in-depth you want to go, we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. Download Case Study! Personalized Approach to Testing Unlike other methodologies present within the industry, Sequential's approach ensures that your product's data and analysis will stand the test of industry regulations when they are introduced. You can tailor your study entirely to your unique requirements. Test Products in a Real-Life Context The microbiome comprises a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live together in a delicate balance, which is why it's best to test directly upon it directly. To fully understand the impact a product is having on the microbiome, in vivo is the only way. Collect Longitudinal Data With in vivo testing we can design your study around the extended use of a product over multiple time points. This allows us to review how a product is performing before and after usage, but also take into account its gradual impact on the microbiome. Measure Against a Control Group Measure a product against a control group that might have a different percentage of your active ingredient within its formulation or no active at all. This will allow for deeper insights into the impact of a formulation on microbial balance and diversity. 4 Sequencing Reports To Pick From Depending on your development stage and what you are interested in studying we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. With our qPCR Smart Probes™ we can go down to the strain level in our analysis. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! the human mouth is home to approximately 700 different species of bacteria, creating a dynamic and intricate oral microbiome that constantly interacts with the body's immune system and overall health Smart Probe s ™ Our dedicated team of scientists have developed a method of evaluating microbes through our Smart Probes ™. These refer to a panel of 20 key microbes we have specifically identified as having the most impact on oral health. Over and above the taxonomic characterisation that 16S offers, which gives us a snapshot of all the genus present within a collected sample (Lactobacillus , Streptococcus , etc.) our targeted approach takes it a step further, opening the lens to the species (L. paracasei ), sub-species and even strains within them. This is a crucial distinction as not all strains of a species behave similarly. We find that within these species there are strains associated with inflammation and strains that are commensal, and beneficial. Gold Standard Certification Sequential has developed the gold standard test for products designed to target the microbiome, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of micro-organisms found on the body, before and after product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial balance and diversity, and particular micro-organisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. We give you an in vivo certification that your product maintains the microbiome. And it’s not exclusive to skincare! We do this for haircare products, oral products, and vulva/vaginal microbiomes. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Supplement Your Microbiome Study Recruitment Services Let us take care of the entire candidate recruitment process for you! View More Biophysical Assessments Increase your data on the use of your product by evaluating additional biophysical factors. View More Formulation Support Seek consultation advice for your formulation if you are re-formulating or developing a new product. View More FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

Multi-Omic Studies with Sequential At Sequential, our mission has always been clear: to understand the impact of the microbiome on humans and how humans impact the microbiome in order to characterize human health fully. Our Multi-Omic Studies brings us back to the core of our mission by offering an unparalleled approach to skin health research. By combining human and microbial analysis, Sequential is setting a new standard in clinical testing. This comprehensive methodology enables us to unlock deeper insights into the complex interplay between the microbiome and human biology, offering more tailored and effective product assessments for our partners in personal care and the pharmaceutical industries. Start Your Multi-Omic Study Today! *Hover over the diagram to unlock each area that we explore! Identify key genetic markers linked to health, aging, and disease susceptibility Predict responsiveness to product SNP Detection & Risk Assessment Gene Expression Profile Uncover how genes are activated in response to lifestyle, environment, and treatments The effect of product on skin-related gene expression Protein Profiling Analyse protein biomarkers to track biological changes and optimise product efficacy Measure skin protein production after a product treatment Lipid Profiling Investigate lipid composition for insights into skin barrier function and metabolic health Assess how a product restores lipid homeostasis qPCR Sequencing Investigate the absolute quantification of key microbes in any sample Assess how a product impacts the most significant bacteria in a sample Metatranscriptomics Uncover how genes are activated in response to lifestyle, environment, & treatments. The effect of product on skin-related microbial gene expression ITS Sequencing Investigate all present fungi in any given sample Understand how a product impacts the skin's fungal community Shotgun Metagenomics Investigate all present microorganisms in any given sample Understand how a product impacts the skin's bacteria, fungal and viral communities 16S Sequencing Investigate all present bacteria in any given sample Understand how a product impacts the skin's bacterial community Metabolomics Map metabolic pathways to assess skin and body health, aging, and personalized wellness. Metabolic shift pre- and post-product application Why Multi-Omic Testing? Understanding how products impact both the human body and its microbiome is essential for creating truly effective solutions. Our multi-omic approach provides: Deeper Insights – See how products influence human health at a biological level Clinically Validated Science – Data-backed results to support claims and innovation Personalized Health & Wellness – Create tailored products that optimize skin and body health Scalable & Flexible Testing – In-lab or remote studies with diverse sample collection options Microbiome's Impact on Human Health The Bright Side of Skincare: How LEDs Influence Microbial Balance With LED face masks and light-based skincare rapidly increasing in popularity, light has become a new frontier in skin health. Previously seen as a threat and something that we needed to block or avoid, light is now being seen as therapeutic tool. Yet beyond the visible changes to tone and texture, light also interacts with the skin microbiome. Understanding how different wavelengths influence this ecosystem is key to ensuring that light enhances, rather than harms, our skin’ How Pregnancy and Postpartum Transform the Skin Microbiome During pregnancy, the skin microbiome undergoes significant shifts. Across the trimesters, both the composition and behaviour of skin bacteria change. Postpartum, the maternal skin microbiome continues to evolve which is influenced by hormonal resets, environmental exposures, and hygiene practices. These shifts can also influence an infant’s earliest microbial encounters, during a critical period of skin development. What We Know: Pregnancy significantly changes the skin mic Understanding the Microbial Roots of Seborrheic Dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the scalp, face and chest. It appears as red, flaky, greasy patches or plaques and can cause itching and discomfort. It is a non-contagious condition varying in severity, from mild dandruff to persistent inflamed lesions. What we know: SD is linked to three main factors: increased sebum (oil) production, colonization by Malassezia yeast, and an abnormal immune response. Genetics, skin barr Your Muti-Omics Questions Answered What is multi-omic testing, and why is it important? Multi-omic testing integrates multiple layers of biological data—including genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiome science—to provide a more comprehensive understanding of how products impact both the human body and its microbiome. This approach goes beyond traditional microbiome testing, helping brands develop more effective, scientifically backed solutions. How does Sequential’s multi-omic approach differ from traditional microbiome testing? Most microbiome studies focus only on bacterial composition. At Sequential, we go further by analyzing: • Human gene expression to understand how a product influences skin health at the molecular level • Metabolomics & lipid profiling to track changes in skin health and barrier function • Protein profiling to measure product-driven biological changes • Advanced microbiome techniques to assess bacteria, fungi, and viruses collectively This holistic approach ensures deeper insights for product development and claim validation. What can multi-omic testing help me understand about my product? • Product effectiveness – See how formulations impact skin and microbiome health • Personalized wellness – Identify genetic or metabolic factors that influence individual responses to products • Barrier function & hydration – Understand how products restore lipid balance and improve the skin barrier • Microbial balance – Determine whether a product supports a healthy microbiome or disrupts it What specific tests does Sequential offer under multi-omic analysis? Human Health Insights • SNP Detection & Risk Assessment – Identifies genetic markers related to aging, disease risk, and product responsiveness • Metabolomics – Maps metabolic pathways to track skin and body health before and after product use • Human Gene Expression – Determines how genes react to lifestyle, environmental factors, and treatments • Protein Profiling – Measures skin protein production to optimize product efficacy • Lipid Profiling – Assesses lipid composition for insights into skin barrier health Microbiome Science & Testing • Smart Probes™ qPCR – Tracks 20 key microbes to measure microbiome shifts after product use • Microbial Profiling (16S & ITS) – Identifies all bacteria and fungi in a sample • Microbial Gene Expression (Metatranscriptomics) – Evaluates how microbes react to environmental factors and treatments • Shotgun Metagenomics – Provides a complete profile of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in any sample

Discover our team of award-winning scientists dedicated to advancing microbiome research for a healthier world. Explore our expertise now. We are a Team of Award-Winning Scientists Creating a World with Healthier Microbiomes Our platform is the result of our team’s combined expertise in genetics, epigenetics, and microbiome research. We utilise deep molecular analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to understand the impact of product usage on an individual’s microbiome. Through our efforts, we hope to revolutionise the way in which the industry develops and tests its products to deliver optimal results to those utilising them. Our Mission Sequential is the industry leader in clinical microbiome research and testing offering a comprehensive end-to-end platform designed to bring science-backed solutions to the personal care and pharmaceutical industry. Our mission is to understand the impact of the microbiome on the host (humans) and how the host impacts the microbiome in order to characterise human health fully. We offer an extensive platform to conduct research on personal care products through microbiome testing, and biophysical assessments, and offer full recruitment services for studies. We are keen to publish our findings with our partners to increase the literature within this space. At present our database of over 20,000 human microbiome samples is one of the most sophisticated within the industry and is growing rapidly. Innovation Pioneering the forefront of biological science, we consistently introduce groundbreaking advancements to redefine industry standards. Transparency Our commitment to openness ensures a clear understanding of our human microbiome testing processes and analysis. Reliability We guarantee dependable results, fostering trust in the accuracy of our analyses. Our Team at Sequential Dr. Oliver Worsley CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER & CO-FOUNDER Oliver is the co-founder and CEO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics as a scholar at the Genome Institute of Singapore from 2014-2018, and has won multiple awards including the P&G Young Entrepreneurship Scheme, presented at the Royal Society in London in 2017; and the top prize at the L’Oréal Innovation Runway 2018. Oliver has previously founded Anya Consulting, a healthcare communications company that has published >150 articles and has produced several technical whitepapers for clients like Fierce Health. Prior, Oliver completed his BSc at Edinburgh University, including six months at Leiden University Medical Centre through the Erasmus Programme. Derek Butler COMMERCIAL DIRECTOR Grace Robinson LAB OPERATIONS Omololu Fagunwa SENIOR BIOINFORMATICIAN Omera Bi R&D PROJECT SPECIALIST Thevi Maran LAB TECHNICIAN Dr. Albert Dashi CHIEF SCIENCE OFFICER & CO-FOUNDER Albert is the co-founder and CSO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics, epigenetics and stem cell research at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the Genome Institute of Singapore in 2019. In 2014, he received the Singapore International Graduate Award from A*STAR for his PhD research and was also awarded the “Young Investigator” award. He also won the “Young Entrepreneur Scheme” award by P&G for his innovative and business driven ideas. Prior moving to Singapore for his doctor program, Albert obtained his Masters in Biomedical Sciences at University of Bern, Switzerland. Marya Sheikh-Ahmed HEAD OF MARKETING Forest Wong SENIOR RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Dr. Sija Sajibu RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Amber Eades STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS LEAD Petronille Houdart, PharmD SKINCARE DIRECTOR Petronille is Sequential's lead skincare director, focused on translating the latest in skin science to personalised skincare recommendations. She has over a decade in the industry, working with international brands to lead and consult on R&D, creative projects and brand innovation. Petronille also led her own award-winning dermocosmetic brand, Petronille Dermo Cosmetic, that produced customisable products for men and women. Petronille holds an MSc in Cosmetology Sciences and a professional doctorate in pharmacy (specialising in dermo-pharmacy) from Paris Descartes University. Sibora Peca CLINICAL OPERATIONS LEAD Carla Brown SALES ASSOCIATE Shalindri Jayawardene SCIENCE MARKETING ASSISTANT Bindu Priyanka RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Ami Picari JUNIOR CLINICAL ASSISTANT Please find listed a selection of relevant peer-reviewed publications from our advisors. Wu G, TL Dawson, et al. (2015) Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin. PLOS Genetics 11(11): e1005614. Chng, K., Nagarajan, N., et al. (2016) Whole metagenome profiling reveals skin microbiome-dependent susceptibility to atopic dermatitis flare. Nat Microbiol 1, 16106. Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2018). 1039 Skin microbiome profiles of atopic dermatitis patients segregate into two community composition types that are stable before and after therapy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 138. S176. 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1051. Ramasamy S., Barnard, E., Dawson, TL, and Huiying Li. (2019). Role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology. British Journal of Dermatology, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18230. Dawson, TL. (2019) Malassezia: The Forbidden Kingdom Opens. Cell Host Microbe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.010 Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2020). Atopic dermatitis microbiomes stratify into ecologic dermotypes enabling microbial virulence and disease severity. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.031. Dawson, TL. (2021) Malassezia: A Skin Commensal Yeast Impacting Both Health and Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.659219 Bissonnette, Robert & FAAD, & Palijan, Ana & Salem, Youssef & Maari, Catherine & Proulx, Etienne & Edjekouane, Lydia & Joly-Chevrier, Maxine & Devis, Andrew & Dashi, Albert & Worsley, Oliver. (2024). 50694 Gut microbiome differences between patients with moderate to severe Chronic Hand Eczema and healthy subjects. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 91. AB224. 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.889. Supported By Scientific Board of Advisors Our advisors are world leaders in the skin microbiome and have extensive experience in bringing forward solutions for skin concerns Prof. Tom Dawson Senior Principal Investigator at Skin Research Institute of Singapore. Over 30 years experience in biotechnology innovations, and expert in the skin and hair microbiome. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Pharmacology at the Univer sity of North Carolina. Dr Kimberly Capone Dr Kimberly Capone is a pioneer and established expert in microbiology and the human microbiome field where she created new business opportunities across multiple brands over 13 years at Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. Areas of concentration included infant and adult skin, vaginal, gut, and oral health. Prof. Phillip Bennett Phillip Bennett is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Director of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology. Professor Bennett has been one of the key pioneers in researching the vaginal microbiome. In particular, to understand and characterise the impact of the vaginal microbiome on preterm labour. Bennett has published over 400 peer-reviewed research articles over his career. Dr Natalya Fox Dr Natalya Fox is a Dermatologist at the NHS - St George's Hospital, London. Previously, Fox did her MBChB at the University of Edinburgh 201 4 and has her Full MRCP UK in Dermatology. Fox is passionate about the skin microbiome and its place in dermatology. Prof. Elena Lurie-Luke A senior R&D, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Executive with extensive technical, strategic business development. Proven leadership experience in both global FMCG and public health sector environments. Prof. Niranjan Nagarajan Associate Director & Senior Group Leader at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in computation biology, in particular the study of microbial communities resident on the human skin. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Computer Science at Cornell University. Dr Alexander Lezhava Senior Group Leader & Associate Director at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in the commercial development of medical diagnostics and clinical-grade molecular assays. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Microbiology at Hiroshima University. Our Labs Sequential has clinical testing labs in New York City, Cambridge and Singapore. Being close to our customers has allowed us to reduce turnaround time, whilst retaining the intellectual property in-house. Supporting World-Class Clients & Partners

Elevate your brand with skin microbiome science. Gain a competitive edge with certified, innovative personal care products rooted in robust research. in vivo Sampling is the Future of Microbiome Testing We lead in clinical microbiome research and testing offering a comprehensive end-to-end platform designed to bring science-backed solutions to the personal care and pharma industry. We offer an expansive platform to conduct research on personal care products through microbiome testing, biophysical assessments, and offer full recruitment services for studies. We are keen to publish our findings with our partners to increase the literature within this space. At present our database of over 20,000 human microbiome samples is one of the most sophisticated within the industry and is growing rapidly. Skin Test your skincare products, ranging from facial cleansers, serums, moisturisers, and SPFs. Scalp Test your scalp care products ranging from scalp serums, oils, shampoos, and conditioners. Vaginal Test your intimate care products, ranging from washes, to hygiene sprays, and balms. Oral Test your oral care products ranging from mouth washes and toothpastes. Full End-To-End Testing Platform in vivo Study Design Collaborating closely with our clients to develop customised study protocols, ensuring that objectives are met with precision. Validated Collection Our non-invasive collection system consistently collects material for downstream analysis and allows for remote testing. Analysis & Reporting All analysis is carried out in-house allowing for a faster turn-around time on your study with exclusive access to our team of scientists and formulation experts. White Paper Publication Co-author a white paper with us based on the findings of your study to shorten the knowledge gap within the industry to demonstrate active's impact. Candidate Recruitment Carefully select human participants (location, age, etc.) to ensure the relevance and accuracy of the study. Microbiome Detection We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our proprietary Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Claims Certification Providing comprehensive reports and certifications (Maintains the Microbiome seal) based on the study results which can be used in communication efforts. Co-Presentation We offer support by co-presenting at conferences where you want to demonstrate the impact of your study findings and explain the science behind the research. Start Your Clinical Study Today! State of the Art Sequencing Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of micro-organisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular micro-organisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. With your pick from one of four sequencing reports, Sequential makes it easier to understand what depth of analysis is required for your particular needs. qPCR Microbiome (Bacteria+Fungi) Quantitative PCR (qPCR), also known as Real-Time PCR, is a method that Sequential uses in-house to measure the absolute number of copies of a microbial DNA defined by Sequential’s proprietary Smart Probes™. Using this method, we quantify the amount bacteria or fungi, allowing us to report level of species and strains within a given sample. The entire process is done at Sequential to ensure quality control, and extra control on your samples and privacy. Up Next-Generation Sequencing of ITS (total fungal population) ITS rRNA gene sequencing, or ITS amplicon sequencing is performed at Sequential to determine the relative abundance of taxa in a fungal community, and to compare between groups of interest. We know that fungi play a critical role in the microbiome of a healthy human, and it’s important to consider this application, especially for the scalp microbiome, and vaginal or vulva microbiome. We routinely offer two types of ITS rRNA primer regions: ITS1 & ITS2 Up Next-Generation Sequencing of 16S 16S rRNA gene sequencing, or 16S amplicon sequencing, is performed at Sequential to determine the relative abundance of taxa in a bacterial community, and to compare between groups of interest. This level of analysis can help to address changes in the overall bacterial profile over time or between treatment groups. We routinely offer two types of 16s rRNA primer regions: 16S V4 & 16S V1-V3 Up Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Shotgun metagenome sequencing is performed at Sequential for taxonomic profiling (diversity and abundance), as well as functional analysis across different organisms in a more exploratory approach. This complex technique allows for parallel sequencing of DNA from all organisms (bacterial, fungal, viral and human) within the community, with good coverage for species-level detection. The data generation allows for more advanced reporting and genome assemblies. Up FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

What is a Skin Microbiome? The first layer of defense for your skin against outside forces is made up of good bacteria. A diverse microbiome means healthy skin. The secrets behind your skin microbiome On the surface of your skin sits an organic ecosystem made up from billions of good bacteria called the microbiome. It forms the first layer of defense for your skin against outside forces. In order for your skin microbiome to be healthy, it must be balanced. A balanced microbiome means healthy skin What affects your skin microbiome? Your environment The country you live in can have adverse effects on your skin microbiome, from pollution levels to UV exposure. Your skin care routine When it comes to skin care, not knowing what products to use can negatively impact your skin microbiome. Your physical wellbeing What you put in your body is as important as what you put on it. A healthy diet can affect your skin health. Your mental health When you aren’t well internally, it can be a struggle to look after yourself. It is imperative to be aware of your mental health. Frequently asked questions What is your skin microbiome? Your skin microbiome is formed of the billions of microbes that sit on the surface of your skin but also line the gut, mouth, and other parts of the body. At Sequential Skin, we focus solely on your skin microbiome, testing it and providing you with solutions to balance it. Your microbiome is essential to your skin health and it is unique to you. What does it mean to have a balanced microbiome? Your skin microbiome health is measured by how equally dispersed the bacteria on your skin are compared to one another. When one or more bacteria dominate others, you might face skin conditions such as acne, rosacea, and eczema. Our test measures 20 microbes and provides you with a full report so you can transcend your skin to its optimal level. What affects your skin microbiome? The skin microbiome is largely impacted by your external environment, such as your location, pollution levels, and the skincare products that you use. This means that your skin is ever-changing and constantly adapting to different elements. It’s also influenced by internal factors, like gut health, making it unique to each of us. How can your skincare routine affect your skin microbiome? If you are using harsh ingredients that contain alcohol and irritants, it can severely disbalance your skin microbiome. You may think you are using products that are helping your skin, but instead, they are having adverse effects. This is why it is so important to test your skin microbiome and see if you might need a change of routine. Unearth the secrets of your skin microbiome We are skin experts We are a team of award-winning scientists with a mission to empower individuals to make better-informed decisions about their skin health. Our Story

Certify your intimate care product with us! Maximize microbiome benefits in your strategy. Let's get started today for success! Vaginal & Vulvar Microbiome Testing As the intimate care industry grows, consumers demand transparency from the brands formulating their products. It has become essential for formulators to create products they are willing to test to present scientifically backed data-driven evidence of their products' true effects. Sequential offers microbiome testing for your intimate care formulations, hygiene washes and other products geared towards that delicate area. We are dedicated to understanding how your product interacts with the vaginal region and its microbes. Depending on how in-depth you want to go, we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. Download Case Study! Personalized Approach to Testing Unlike other methodologies present within the industry, Sequential's approach ensures that your product's data and analysis will stand the test of industry regulations when they are introduced. You can tailor your study entirely to your unique requirements. Test Products in a Real-Life Context The microbiome comprises a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live together in a delicate balance, which is why it's best to test directly upon it directly. To fully understand the impact a product is having on the microbiome, in vivo is the only way. Collect Longitudinal Data With in vivo testing we can design your study around the extended use of a product over multiple time points. This allows us to review how a product is performing before and after usage, but also take into account its gradual impact on the microbiome. Measure Against a Control Group Measure a product against a control group that might have a different percentage of your active ingredient within its formulation or no active at all. This will allow for deeper insights into the impact of a formulation on microbial balance and diversity. 4 Sequencing Reports To Pick From Depending on your development stage and what you are interested in studying we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. With our qPCR Smart Probes™ we can go down to the strain level in our analysis. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! The vaginal microbiome is a dynamic ecosystem primarily dominated by Lactobacillus bacteria, which produce lactic acid and help maintain an acidic pH, creating a hostile environment for potential pathogens. This acidic environment is crucial for preventing infections and promoting overall vaginal health. Smart Probe s ™ Our dedicated team of scientists have developed a method of evaluating microbes through our Smart Probes ™ . These refer to a panel of 20 key microbes we have specifically identified as having the most impact on vaginal health. Over and above the taxonomic characterisation that 16S offers, which gives us a snapshot of all the genus present within a collected sample (Lactobacillus , Streptococcus , etc.) our targeted approach takes it a step further, opening the lens to the species (L.crispatus ), sub-species and even strains within them. This is a crucial distinction as not all strains of a species behave similarly. In fact, we find that within these species there are strains associated with inflammation and strains that are commensal, and beneficial. Gold Standard Certification Sequential has developed the gold standard test for products designed to target the microbiome, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of micro-organisms found on the body, before and after product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial balance and diversity, and particular micro-organisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. We give you an in vivo certification that your product maintains the microbiome. And it’s not exclusive to skincare! We do this for haircare products, oral products, and vulva/vaginal microbiomes. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Supplement Your Microbiome Study Recruitment Services Let us take care of the entire candidate recruitment process for you! View More Biophysical Assessments Increase your data on the use of your product by evaluating additional biophysical factors. View More Formulation Support Seek consultation advice for your formulation if you are re-formulating or developing a new product. View More FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations.

Understand Sequential's cookie policy for using our website. Cookie Policy Last updated: 13 March 2024 Sequential Skin Ltd ("us", "we", or "our") operates the www.sequential.bio website (the "Service"). This page informs you of our policies regarding the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data when you use our Service and the choices you have associated with that data. We use your data to provide and improve the Service. By using the Service, you agree to the collection and use of information in accordance with this policy. Unless otherwise defined in this Cookie Policy, the terms used in this Cookie Policy have the same meanings as in our Privacy Policy. Definitions Service: Service is the www.sequential.bio website operated by Sequential. Personal Data: Personal Data means data about a living individual who can be identified from those data (or from those and other information either in our possession or likely to come into our possession). Usage Data: Usage Data is data collected automatically either generated by the use of the Service or from the Service infrastructure itself (for example, the duration of a page visit). Cookies: Cookies are small pieces of data stored on your device (computer or mobile device). Data Controller: Data Controller means the natural or legal person who (either alone or jointly or in common with other persons) determines the purposes for which and the manner in which any personal information are, or are to be, processed. For the purpose of this Privacy Policy, we are a Data Controller of your Personal Data. Data Processors (or Service Providers): Data Processor (or Service Provider) means any natural or legal person who processes the data on behalf of the Data Controller. We may use the services of various Service Providers in order to process your data more effectively. Data Subject (or User): Data Subject is any living individual who is using our Service and is the subject of Personal Data. Information Collection and Use We use cookies and similar tracking technologies to track the activity on our Service and hold certain information. Types of Cookies We Use Session Cookies: We use Session Cookies to operate our Service. Preference Cookies: We use Preference Cookies to remember your preferences and various settings. Security Cookies: We use Security Cookies for security purposes. Advertising Cookies: Advertising Cookies are used to serve you with advertisements that may be relevant to you and your interests. Use of Data We use the collected data for various purposes: To provide and maintain our Service To notify you about changes to our Service To allow you to participate in interactive features of our Service when you choose to do so To provide customer support To gather analysis or valuable information so that we can improve our Service To monitor the usage of our Service To detect, prevent and address technical issues Retention of Data We will retain your Personal Data only for as long as is necessary for the purposes set out in this Cookie Policy. We will retain and use your Personal Data to the extent necessary to comply with our legal obligations (for example, if we are required to retain your data to comply with applicable laws), resolve disputes, and enforce our legal agreements and policies. Your Choices Regarding Cookies If you'd like to delete cookies or instruct your web browser to delete or refuse cookies, please visit the help pages of your web browser. Please note, however, that if you delete cookies or refuse to accept them, you might not be able to use all of the features we offer, you may not be able to store your preferences, and some of our pages might not display properly. Service Providers We may employ third party companies and individuals to facilitate our Service ("Service Providers"), provide the Service on our behalf, perform Service-related services, or assist us in analyzing how our Service is used. These third parties have access to your Personal Data only to perform these tasks on our behalf and are obligated not to disclose or use it for any other purpose. Changes to This Cookie Policy We may update our Cookie Policy from time to time. We will notify you of any changes by posting the new Cookie Policy on this page. You are advised to review this Cookie Policy periodically for any changes. Changes to this Cookie Policy are effective when they are posted on this page. Contact Us If you have any questions about this Cookie Policy, please contact us: By email: team@sequential.bio By visiting this page on our website: www.sequential.bio

Sequential provides advanced microbiome testing for personal care products, delivering actionable insights to enhance product efficacy and consumer trust. Human Clinical Testing. Biomarker Discovery. Next-generation Formulations. What We Offer From study design and participant recruitment to laboratory analysis and data interpretation, Sequential delivers an end-to-end, in-house solution for understanding how products interact in real use cases. Our clinically relevant insights translate complex microbial and molecular data into clear, actionable outcomes empowering companies to develop products that are credible, effective, and trusted by consumers. See How We Can Help 50,000+ Microbiome Sample Database 4,000+ Ingredient Database 10,000+ Testing Participants Globally 100+ Industry Partners Supporting World-Class Clients & Partners Join Our Partners! What Our Clients Say “Sequential is one of the world’s most innovative Microbiome companies. The resolution at subspecies level, and to perform quantification of key vaginal microbes, in vivo , was exactly what we wanted at Curive Healthcare to know intricately how our product is working to improve women’s health.” - Matthew Line, Chief Marketing Officer at Curive Healthcare

Sequential is honoured to be spoken and written about in numerous publications. We are always keen to speak about the great milestones we are hitting with our personal care microbiome testing platform. Sequential in the Press Men’s grooming shifts toward science-driven solutions 24-Feb-2026 Read Now Sequential: Testing shows skin microbiome plays a role in hyperpigmentation 7-Oct-2025 Read Now The bidirectional skin-gut microbiome: a game-changer for cosmetic formulators 29-Jul-2025 Read Now Sequential and AMILI Secure Prestigious $1.8M UK-Singapore Collaborative R&D Project 13-Feb-2025 Read Now Sequential Launches Industry-First Microbiome Target Panels for Skin Conditions 16-Oct-2024 Read Now From the experts: Top 3 trends in skin microbiome research 20-Jun-2024 Read Now Is Home-Based Skin Microbiome Testing Transforming Beauty and Health Care Industry? 7-Dec-2023 Read Now “Hormone-led changes cause differences to the vaginal ecology that can have an effect on women’s health later in life.” CEO of Sequential 13-Sep-2023 Read Now Sequential and Johnson & Johnson enter partnership to develop new genomic-based skin test 16-Mar-2023 Read Now Sequential Announces New Collaboration Agreement to Quantify Skin Health 15-Mar-2023 Read Now ‘Natural evolution’: Gallinée unveils at-home skin microbiome test kits with Sequential Skin 09-Mar-2023 Read Now Here They Are: Congratulations to the Winners of the 2022 C&T Allēs 29-Sep-2022 Read Now Sequential Skin: Why We Invested 11-Apr-2022 Read Now Sequential Skin Debuts Sequential Bio Testing Solution 09-Mar-2022 Read Now Biotech Start-Up Sequential Skin Raises Funds 10-Dec-2021 Read Now Biotech startup Sequential Skin raises €1.4m – ‘We want to accelerate the future of skin health,’ says CEO 11-Oct-2021 Read Now PODCAST – Holistic view on skin: Sequential Skin on why microbiome testing is crucial to personalised beauty 21-Aug-2020 Read Now Beauté personnalisée: Sequential Skin la Beauty Tech made in Singapore 07-Jul-2020 Read Now GWS 2019 DAY 2 Beauty, Science & Technology: Skin in the Game 25-Nov-2019 Read Now Science-led minimalism shapes future sustainable skin care 13-Jan-2026 Read Now Beautiful Bacteria: Are We On The Cusp Of Microbiome Mainstreaming? 28-Sep-2025 Read Now Sequential Skin and AMILI Secure $1.8M UK-Singapore Grant to Advance Gut-Skin Microbiome Science 14-Feb-2025 Read Now 50694 Gut microbiome differences between patients with moderate to severe Chronic Hand Eczema and healthy subjects Sep-2024 Read Now Is Microbiome Certification even Necessary? 29-Jul-2024 Read Now ‘It’s a really delicate system’: Research on vaginal microbiome shows how little we know about femcare 22-Jan-2024 Read Now Gallinée lance le premier test de santé de la peau et du microbiome à réaliser chez soi 10-Oct-2023 Read Now Lysine-dendrimer: a gentle yet effective acne treatment that maintains skin microbiome, says study 18-Aug-2023 Read Now Acne and ageing: J&J exploring skin health markers via Sequential Skin research tie-up 15-Mar-2023 Read Now Sequential Skin x Johnson & Johnson Collab to Quantify Skin Health 14-Mar-2023 Read Now Understand before purchase: Microbiome testing can help consumers find the right products and eliminate waste 30-Jan-2023 Read Now Sequential Wins New Grant To Propel Skin Microbiome Research 30-Jun-2022 Read Now Sequential Skin launches test to assess ingredient effect on microbiome 22-Mar-2022 Read Now Microbiome start-up Sequential Bio debuts first in-vivo testing for personal care industry 04-Mar-2022 Read Now Sequential Skin Raises $1.6M in Oversubscribed Seed Round 12-Oct-2021 Read Now The skin microbiome brainstorm: Tech, claims and trend-driven NPD 16-Sep-2021 Read Now Skin Sensors Enable Personalized Skin Care 20-Aug-2020 Read Now Sequential Skin: beauty tech’s new approach to genetic analysis and microbiome skincare 09-Mar-2020 Read Now How genetic insights can personalise skin microbiome launches 29-Jul-2019 Read Now Deep dive into Radiance Evaluation 9-Oct-2025 Read Now Men’s care shifts toward function-first to address skin needs beyond the basics 16-Sep-2025 Read Now Sequential and AMILI secure $1.8M UK-Singapore R&D project to advance gut-skin microbiome science 13-Feb-2025 Read Now New clinical testing to “investigate microbial roots of various skin conditions” 17-Oct-2024 Read Now Losing its meaning? ‘Microbiome-friendly’ terms at risk of misleading consumers – Sequential CEO 29-Jul-2024 Read Now Navigating the realm of intimate care products 17-Jan-2024 Read Now Avec ce test microbiome maison, 10 secondes m'ont suffit pour découvrir les besoins de ma peau 04-Oct-2023 Read Now Lysine-Dendrimer, a New Non-Aggressive Solution to Rebalance the Microbiota of Acne-Prone Skin 3-Aug-2023 Read Now Sequential Announces New Collaboration Agreement to Measure Skin Health for Leading Developer of Personal Care Products 15-Mar-2023 Read Now Sequential Skin partners with Johnson & Johnson on microbiome tests 10-Mar-2023 Read Now Symbiome Partners with Skin Microbiome Testing experts at Sequential to Revolutionize Beauty Industry 26-Jan-2023 Read Now Sequential Skin Nabs $500K UK Grant to Study Skin Microbiome in Atopic Dermatitis 29-Jun-2022 Read Now Demands rising for clinical data on the skin microbiome: Experts 22-Mar-2022 Read Now ‘Maintaining the microbiome’: Biotech startup Sequential Skin debuts in vivo B2B testing service 03-Mar-2022 Read Now Start-up Sequential Skin bags $1.65m of fresh funding 12-Oct-2021 Read Now Singapore Beauty Startup Sequential Skin Uses Science to Help Identify the Best Skincare For You 07-Jan-2021 Read Now Overlooked opportunities? Skin microbiome may play a more important role in personalisation than DNA 13-Aug-2020 Read Now Sequential tool kit prioritises personalisation 15-Jan-2020 Read Now

How Do I Test My Microbiome? How Do I Test My Microbiome? The microbiome refers to the collection of trillions of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that live in and on your body, particularly in your gut. (Lloyd-Price, Abu-Ali & Huttenhower, 2016) These microbes are vital components in maintaining our health by aiding digestion, regulating the immune system, and even influencing mood and overall brain function. Given the growing interest in the microbiome's impact on overall well-being, testing the microbiome has broadened its appeal among people. Here's an overview of the process, why it's important, and what the results could reveal. Types of Microbiome Tests Skin tests: Skin microbiome samples are typically collected using non-invasive methods, such as swabs, tape strips, or skin scrapings. A swab is gently rubbed over the surface of the skin to capture microbial communities from different body areas, depending on the research or diagnostic needs. These samples are then sent to a lab for DNA sequencing to identify and quantify the microbial species present (Grice & Segre, 2011). This approach allows for a deeper understanding of how the skin's microbial balance impacts health conditions like acne, eczema, and skin infections. Saliva tests: Saliva microbiome testing is a non-invasive approach to assess the bacterial communities in the mouth, offering insights into oral and overall health. Through next-generation sequencing, saliva samples can reveal significant shifts in microbial composition, serving as early biomarkers for health conditions. For example, Aas et al. (2005) demonstrated that saliva microbiome testing could reveal distinct bacterial profiles associated with oral diseases, suggesting its importance in both oral and systemic health management. Stool tests: Stool microbiome testing evaluates the gut’s microbial composition by analysing bacteria, viruses, and fungi in stool samples. This non-invasive test helps identify microbial imbalances (dysbiosis) linked to conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and metabolic disorders. By using next-generation sequencing, it reveals the diversity and abundance of gut microbes, which can inform insights into digestive, immune, and even mental health. Zhernakova et al. (2016) highlighted its potential in detecting gut-related health issues and promoting personalised healthcare strategies. Comprehensive clinical tests: In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend a more comprehensive testing that goes beyond the standard saliva and stool samples which include blood tests or even tissue biopsies; particularly when chronic conditions are present. These approaches can hold valuable information regarding systemic infections or localised imbalances in microbiota, which can significantly aid in the management of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and even cancer. (Schulfer & Blaser, 2015) Conclusion By testing our microbiome, we dive into important insights of our overall health by identifying imbalances in microbial communities, known as dysbiosis, which are interlinked to various health conditions. Understanding our microbiome composition allows for customised dietary and lifestyle adjustments to restore balance, as specific gut bacteria are essential for digestion, immune function, and mood regulation. (Zhernakova et al., 2016; Young, 2017) Advancements in microbiome research show that testing can aid in managing chronic diseases by guiding personalised treatment and dietary plans based on an individual's microbial profile, improving clinical outcomes and overall well-being (Lloyd-Price et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2021). Regular testing can optimise health, particularly concerning the gut-brain axis and metabolic health. References Aas, J. A., Paster, B. J., Stokes, L. N., Olsen, I., & Dewhirst, F. E. (2005). Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 43(11), 5721-5732. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005 Lloyd-Price, J., Abu-Ali, G., & Huttenhower, C. (2016). The healthy human microbiome. Genome Medicine, 8(51), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0307-y Schulfer, A., & Blaser, M. J. (2015). Risks of antibiotic exposures early in life on the developing microbiome. PLoS Pathogens, 11(7), e1004903. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004903 Zhernakova, A., et al. (2016). Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity. Science, 352(6285), 565-569. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad3369

Are you looking to test your formulation through the lens of the microbiome? Sequential is the partner you need to structure your study, recruit participants and analyze your results with our sequencing reports.