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Research Articles (173)

  • Why everyone’s talking about Tranexamic Acid

    Tranexamic acid (TXA) has gained significant attention in skincare for its ability to treat hyperpigmentation by interrupting both pigment formation and pigment driven inflammation. Originally used medically to reduce bleeding, TXA inhibits plasma activity, a pathway recognised as relevant in pigment regulation. Its long clinical history means TXA enters cosmetic skincare with a stronger evidence base than many commonly used brightening ingredients. As its use grows, understanding how TXA performs within real formulations and on different skin types is essential for credible product development. What We Know: TXA (oral, intradermal and topical) improves melasma and other forms of hyperpigmentation, with significant reductions in MASI scores when compared to baseline or control (Calacattawi,et al, 2024). TXA decreases UV-induced melanocyte signalling, helping limit excess melanin production (Minasyan et al, 2024). TXA disrupts pigment transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes, improving post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (Chen et al, 2024). Topical TXA is well tolerated and can be paired with treatments such as microneedling, to enhance results, offering a safer alternative to stronger agents like hydroquinone (Konisky et al, 2023). Industry Impact and Potential: TXA’s multi-pathway action offers advantages for product development; Broad applicability -> Effective across varied pigmentation concerns including melasma, post inflammation hyperpigmentation and general uneven tone. Good tolerability -> Suitable for sensitive skin when formulated at low concentrations. Synergistic formulating -> Pairs well with niacinamide, vitamin C derivatives and retinoids for complementary pathways. Our Position: At Sequential, we help brands move from “TXA is trending” to “here is exactly what TXA is doing in this formula, on this skin.” We can help uncover what TXA is actually doing once it enters a full product system, how it interacts with other actives, whether it reaches relevant biological pathways, and how skin responds over time. Using our in-vivo testing frameworks, microbiome-aware models and multi-omic platforms, we can map changes in pigment biology, inflammation, and barrier behaviour . Our global database of 50,000+ samples allows us to benchmark TXA-containing formulations against diverse skin types, tones and real-world microbiome profiles, revealing who benefits most and why. References: Calacattawi, R. et al. (2024). Tranexamic acid for melasma: meta-analysis of RCTs. J Dermatol Treat, 35. Chen, T. et al. (2024). Tranexamic acid for hyperpigmentation disorders: an update. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, 17, 2151–2163. Konisky, H. et al. (2023). Tranexamic acid in melasma: administration routes. J Cosmet Dermatol, 22, 1197–1206. Minasyan, M. et al. (2024). Oral tranexamic acid for PIH prevention and treatment. Dermatol Surg, 50, S219–S224.

  • Proteomics: The Hidden Layer of Skincare You Never See

    Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, how they are expressed, modified and interact with the body. In skincare, proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool to understand how products influence skin function at a molecular level. Proteins play an important part in many skin processes and by analysing them, offers a more accurate picture of skin health, deeper than surface level observations alone. Unlike genomics, proteomics captures which proteins are present and active under specific conditions. What We Know: Proteomic analysis can identify shifts in structural proteins (e.g., keratin, filaggrin, collagen) associated with barrier strength and elasticity (Ma et al, 2020). Longitudinal proteomic monitoring reveals how products influence ageing pathways, including oxidative stress responses and collagen degradation (McCabe et al, 2020). Proteomics helps differentiate between short-term cosmetic effects and deeper, biologically meaningful changes (Benoit et al, 2023). Proteomics can be combined with microbiome data to show how protein changes relate to shifts in microbial activity, giving a clearer picture of overall skin health (Roux et al, 2021). Industry Impact and Potential: Proteomics opens new opportunities for product development; Targeted formulations:  By identifying protein level changes, more precise ingredient selection for specific skin concerns can occur. Personalised skincare:  Proteomic fingerprints may help tailor products to individual biological responses rather than general skin types. Credible product claims:  By combining proteomics with clinical endpoints, formulators can link specific protein changes directly to visible and functional outcomes. Our Position: At Sequential, we move beyond generic claims to generate clear, defensible evidence of biological impact. By integrating proteomic analysis with microbiome and multi-omic data from our global database of 50,000+ samples, we can determine exactly how formulations influence skin function over time. Our approach focuses on real-world evidence, quantifying changes in protein expression, barrier integrity and resilience, to support the development of products grounded in measurable outcomes rather than marketing terminology. References: Benoit, I. et al. (2023). A proteome-centric view of skin ageing and age-related pathways. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, 16, 79–85. Ma, J. et al. (2020). Quantitative proteomics analysis of young and elderly skin. Aging (Albany NY), 12, 13529–13554. McCabe, M. et al. (2020). Alterations in extracellular matrix composition during ageing. Matrix Biology Plus, 8. Roux, P. et al. (2021). Integrative multi-omics reveals microbe–metabolite clusters linked to skin health. J Invest Dermatol.

  • Beyond pH

    For years, intimate care has relied on pH balancing as a measure of safety. However, pH alone does not protect vaginal ecosystems. Microbiome profiles differ widely between women based on hormones, ethnicity, contraceptive use, hygiene habits and life stage. Even pH-aligned products can still disrupt balance, reduce protective lactobacilli or slow recovery, leading to discomfort or recurring symptoms.   What We Know; Research highlights that: •      Vaginal microbiomes differ significantly between individuals and life stages, yet these variations can remain healthy (Condori-Catachura et al., 2025). •      Preservatives, surfactants and fragrance compounds can reduce lactobacillus dominance even when pH remains within recommended ranges (Han et al., 2021). •      Microbial recovery after disruption, particularly following antibiotic use or infection treatment, can take weeks  and with increased reoccurrence risks (Lehtoranta et al., 2020). •      “Gentle” or “pH-balanced” claims do not reliably protect against dysbiosis; true safety depends on strain-level preservation (Valeriano et al., 2024).   Industry Impact and Potential; Understanding these shifts means brands can now design products that better reflect real user needs: •      Lifecycle aligned solutions for key phases such as postpartum recovery, peri-menopause, or post-antibiotic care, where microbial disruption is most pronounced. •      More honest, evidence-based claims, moving beyond vague words like “gentle” or “pH-balanced” and focusing on real microbiome support. •      Clear guidance for users, helping people choose products that fit their unique microbiome or life stage, instead of assuming everyone needs the same thing.   Our Solution: Sequential evaluates how intimate-care products affect the vaginal microbiome in real use. Using qPCR, 16S, ITS and metagenomics, and drawing on a database of 50,000+ microbiome profiles, we measure effects on lactobacillus dominance, disruption and recovery over time. This evidence raises the standard for microbiome-safe intimate care, moving beyond pH-based claims toward solutions rooted in real biological protection.   References: Condori-Catachura, S. et al. (2025) Diversity in women and their vaginal microbiota. Trends in Microbiology, 33(11), 1163-1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2024.12.012 Han, Yet al., 2021. Role of Vaginal Microbiota Dysbiosis in Gynecological Diseases and the Potential Interventions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.643422 . Lehtoranta, L.,et al. (2020). Recovery of Vaginal Microbiota After Standard Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis Infection: An Observational Study.  Microorganisms ,  8 (6), 875. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060875 Valeriano, V., et al., 2024. Vaginal dysbiosis and the potential of vaginal microbiome-directed therapeutics. Frontiers in Microbiomes. https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2024.1363089 .

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  • Laboratory Technician | Sequential

    < Back Laboratory Technician Cambridge, UK Job Type Full-time Workspace On-Site About the Role Company Description Sequential advances health and personal care research by conducting in-depth human molecular clinical testing, biomarker discovery, including skin, scalp, oral, and vaginal health. Through a comprehensive in-house platform, Sequential transforms complex biological data into actionable insights. By leveraging microbial and molecular analyses, along with a robust database of samples, ingredients, and participants globally, Sequential drives data-driven innovation and product validation. The company sets a high standard for creating effective, credible, and scientifically validated products for personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Job Title: Laboratory Technician Location: Cambridge UK Job Type: Full-time Salary: £26,000-£35,000 (dependent on experience) Reports to: Laboratory Manager / Senior Scientist Role Overview We are seeking a highly motivated Laboratory Technician to support routine laboratory operations within a fast-paced production environment. The successful candidate will perform molecular testing to a high standard, ensuring compliance with company quality systems and UK laboratory best practice standards. Key Duties & Responsibilities Test samples aseptically, accurately, and within allowable time and temperature holding requirements. Perform DNA/RNA-based assays including DNA/RNA extraction, PCR, and qPCR in accordance with validated protocols. Prepare, assemble, and ship sample collection kits for clients. Support general laboratory functions, including housekeeping of the lab and equipment to maintain a contamination-free environment and preparation of reagents and consumables. Maintain Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) at all times. Operate in strict accordance with company quality and procedural manuals, ensuring compliance with all relevant accreditations and regulatory standards. Maintain laboratory facilities and equipment in good physical condition, reporting faults or deviations promptly. Contribute to a positive, professional, and safe working environment, adhering to all company health and safety policies. Participate in continuous improvement initiatives to enhance laboratory efficiency, quality, and compliance. Qualifications A science-related qualification (e.g., BSc, MSc, or equivalent), preferably in Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biomedical Science, or a related field; Experience Practical experience performing DNA/RNA-based techniques, including DNA/RNA extraction, PCR, and qPCR. Knowledge of basic microbiological handling techniques is highly desirable. Experience working within a quality-controlled or accredited laboratory environment (e.g., ISO, UKAS, GLP) is advantageous. Skills & Attributes Strong aseptic technique and contamination control practices are essential. Excellent time management skills, with the ability to work efficiently in a high-throughput production environment. Ability to work independently without close supervision while maintaining accuracy and consistency. High level of integrity and commitment to maintaining quality standards. Proactive, adaptable, and willing to learn with a positive “can-do” attitude. Able to take initiative and act responsibly within a team environment. Clear and effective communicator, able to collaborate across multiple teams. About the Company Sequential is an established global leader in clinical product testing for the personal care and dermo-cosmetics industries. Formed by a team of PhD experts in genetics, epigenetics, and microbiome research, the company specializes in microbiome and human biomarker testing to champion topical products’ impacts in real use cases across skin scalp, oral and vulvovaginal formulations. The company is an Innovate UK and Enterprise Singapore-backed company, with labs in Cambridge, New York City and Singapore. Apply Now

  • Terms and Conditions | Sequential

    Understand Sequential's terms and conditions for using our website. Terms Of Use Last updated: 13 March 2024 Please read these terms of use ("Terms", "Terms of Use") carefully before using the www.sequential.bio website (the "Service") operated by Sequential Skin Ltd ("us", "we", or "our"). Your access to and use of the Service is conditioned on your acceptance of and compliance with these Terms. These Terms apply to all visitors, users, and others who access or use the Service. By accessing or using the Service, you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you disagree with any part of the terms, then you may not access the Service. Accounts When you create an account with us, you must provide us with information that is accurate, complete, and current at all times. Failure to do so constitutes a breach of the Terms, which may result in immediate termination of your account on our Service. You are responsible for safeguarding the password that you use to access the Service and for any activities or actions under your password, whether your password is with our Service or a third-party service. You agree not to disclose your password to any third party. You must notify us immediately upon becoming aware of any breach of security or unauthorized use of your account. Intellectual Property The Service and its original content, features, and functionality are and will remain the exclusive property of Sequential Skin Ltd and its licensors. The Service is protected by copyright, trademark, and other laws of both the UK and foreign countries. Our trademarks and trade dress may not be used in connection with any product or service without the prior written consent of Sequential Skin Ltd. Links To Other Web Sites Our Service may contain links to third-party web sites or services that are not owned or controlled by Sequential Skin Ltd. Sequential Skin Ltd has no control over, and assumes no responsibility for, the content, privacy policies, or practices of any third-party web sites or services. You further acknowledge and agree that Sequential Skin Ltd shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with use of or reliance on any such content, goods, or services available on or through any such web sites or services. We strongly advise you to read the terms and conditions and privacy policies of any third-party web sites or services that you visit. Termination We may terminate or suspend your account immediately, without prior notice or liability, for any reason whatsoever, including without limitation if you breach the Terms. Upon termination, your right to use the Service will immediately cease. If you wish to terminate your account, you may simply discontinue using the Service. Governing Law These Terms shall be governed and construed in accordance with the laws of England and Wales, without regard to its conflict of law provisions. Our failure to enforce any right or provision of these Terms will not be considered a waiver of those rights. If any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court, the remaining provisions of these Terms will remain in effect. These Terms constitute the entire agreement between us regarding our Service, and supersede and replace any prior agreements we might have between us regarding the Service. Changes We reserve the right, at our sole discretion, to modify or replace these Terms at any time. If a revision is material, we will try to provide at least 30 days' notice prior to any new terms taking effect. What constitutes a material change will be determined at our sole discretion. By continuing to access or use our Service after those revisions become effective, you agree to be bound by the revised terms. If you do not agree to the new terms, please stop using the Service. Contact Us If you have any questions about these Terms, please contact us: - By email: team@sequential.bio - By visiting this page on our website: www.sequential.bio

  • Recruitment | Sequential

    Participate in Sequential’s skin, scalp, oral and intimate-care microbiome studies. Join our research community and help brands create evidence-based products. Join Our Research Community At Sequential, we’re advancing the science of personal care by testing products for large, industry formulators to ensure that clinically back solutions are presented to consumers worldwide. To do this, we collaborate with individuals who are interested in contributing to cutting-edge research that helps companies and scientists better understand how the microbiome and human biomarkers can impact the health of skincare, scalp care, intimate care and oral care. Why Participate? By joining our participant community, you will: Contribute to meaningful scientific research that drives innovation in personal care and pharma. Support the development of evidence-based products. Receive clear instructions and research updates tailored to each study you join. Help shape the future of personal care science. Participate In A Study First name* Last name* Email* Write a message I agree to the Privacy Policy and consent to data processing. Submit

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