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Introduction Multiomics (i.e., multiple omics; hereafter referred to as omics) is an emerging interdisciplinary approach to studying complex systems that involves integration of biological data from multiple "omics" fields. Typically including a combination (or all) of the following: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. This provides a comprehensive understanding of how these systems operate at multiple scales from the molecular to whole-organism level, including the study of individual hosts and their associated microbial communities (Ning and Li, 2023).  While current approaches to microbiome data analysis mostly involve shotgun metagenomic or 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, which can provide detailed information on the compositional diversity of these host-associated communities, they fail to provide much depth on their functional role or the complex network of interactions by which they communicate with the host (Chetty and Blekhman, 2024). Omics approaches are able to provide a much more holistic model of these traits by capturing and integrating these multiple omics layers to give a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these host-microbe interactions, as well as their influence on host health and physiology (Chetty and Blekhman, 2024). This makes them an incredibly ideal technology for use in characterising host microbiomes by providing a comprehensive analysis of these complex systems and their dynamic interplay. Some examples of the types of omics data can be obtained on these host-microbe systems for integrative omics analysis can be viewed in the table below: Such approaches are increasingly being implemented in the context of product development for skin care, where they can provide a holistic perspective on the overall impact of personal care products on both skin health and the microbiome, as well as assessing the interplay between the two. Study 1: Multi-omics analysis to evaluate the effects of solar exposure and a broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen on markers of skin barrier function in a skin ecosystem model (Jacques et al. , 2025) Using an original reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonised with human microbiota and supplemented with human sebum, this study aimed to analyse the effects of simulated solar radiation (SSR) on skin metabolites and lipids. It also assessed the effectiveness of an ultraviolet/blue light (UV/BL) broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high sun protection factor (SPF50+) in protecting the skin using skin biomarkers. This was a follow-up to a previous study conducted by the same authors looking at the effects of SSR on the skin microbiome (Jacques et al. , 2025). Results Comparative metabolomic analyses of the RHE skin model post-irradiation revealed changes in the levels of several natural moisturising factors (NMFs). This included a reduction in the relative amounts of alanine, N-acetyl putrescin, histidine, and glutamine 24 hours after exposure, while lactate, ornithine, trans-UCA and PCA (both on the skin surface and in the epidermis) were found to be higher. The decrease in some of these NMFs could promote skin dehydration following irradiation. Furthermore, the increased abundance of filaggrin byproducts like UCA and PCA may be attributed to the enhanced breakdown of filaggrin (a skin structural protein) upon SSR radiation, with the degradation of this protein contributing to impairment of the physical and biochemical barrier functions of the stratum corneum. Glycerophospholipid metabolism was also affected following SSR exposure in this RHE model, with an increase in the levels of glycerol and reduction in epidermal choline, glycerophosphocholine and phosphorylcholine observed in the treatment group. Such an increase in glycerol could be linked to either enhanced glycerophosphocholine degradation or an impairment in the glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathway, and may be secreted in response to skin irradiation following irradiation as a way to maintain skin health owing to its hygroscopic nature. Although, this benefit may be offset by the simultaneous decrease in epidermal choline, which may disrupt skin barrier function and promote skin dehydration. Lipidomic analysis found a lower level of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the RHE following SSR exposure, which could be the result of SSR-induced inhibition of enzymes involved in lipid synthesis pathways. These changes may result in an imbalance in skin lipid composition that destabilises skin barrier organisation and integrity. Elevated levels of skin cholesterol were also observed following treatment, where it may work to activate inflammatory pathways associated with sun exposure and cause skin barrier disruption. Furthermore, SSR-exposure was shown to disrupt ceramide biosynthesis and composition in the skin in a manner that might trigger inflammation and disrupt skin barrier function. Following these omics analyses, the group then assessed the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen in preventing SSR-induced changes to the skin. They found application of this broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen was able to prevent many of the previously observed changes to NMF, metabolite and ceramide levels following SSR exposure in the RHE model, allowing it to protect the skin and its components against irradiation-induced disruption and consequences like dehydration, inflammation and damage (Jacques et al. , 2025). Conclusion Using a reconstructed skin ecosystem model, this study was able to provide information on the impact of single-dose SSR on the skin metabolome and lipidome, with effects observed in the levels of various skin components like natural moisturising factors, metabolites, and lipids that are predicted to cause irradiation-associated effects such as dehydration, reduced barrier function, and inflammation. They also used similar omics approaches to validate the effectiveness of an innovative UV/BL broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen in preventing these SSR-induced changes to skin components levels, as well as predicting how this might mitigate against any associated negative physical effects (Jacques et al. , 2025). Study 2: Multi-omics approach to understand the impact of sun exposure on an in vitro skin ecosystem and evaluate a new broad-spectrum sunscreen (Jacques et al. , 2024) Using an original reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonised with human microbiota and supplemented with human sebum, this precursor study aimed to analyse the effects of simulated solar radiation (SSR) on skin metabolites and microbiome composition as a way to understand the underlying interactions between the skin and its associated microbiota. It also assessed the effect of a broad-spectrum sunscreen on skin ecosystem metabolites and pathways during SSR exposure (Jacques et al. , 2024). Results Analysis of the skin metabolome following SSR exposure revealed a change in the composition of the whole RHE metabolome, with 51 significantly altered metabolites identified. These included molecules such as uric acid, glutamine/glutamate, and L-pyroglutamic acid/5-oxoproline, which are predicted to play a role in inducing generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress pathways in the skin. Lactate production was also elevated following exposure, which can result in skin acidosis to suppress immune function. Furthermore, three distinct metabolic pathways (glycerophospholipid, starch and sucrose, and tetrahydrobiopterin pathways) were also found be significantly affected post-SSR exposure, with the latter possibly having some involvement in mediating host-microbiome interactions following SSR-exposure.  Compositional microbiome analysis was then used to examine the crosstalk between skin components and cutaneous communities following SSR exposure. Following irradiation treatment, Burkholderia and Cutibacterium  became significantly enriched in the skin microbiota, with the latter genus possibly influencing tyrosine metabolism both in and on the surface of the skin via propionate production, a major Cutibacterium  metabolites known to inhibit UVB-induced melanogenesis by inhibiting cellular tyrosinase activity. Further analysis of the skin mycobiome found a reduced abundance of the genus Malassezia , with such a depletion likely influencing the composition of skin metabolites like tryptophan and indole. The lipophilic nature of these yeasts mean they are normally able to convert this tryptophan into indole compounds for immune activation, however, under such conditions their metabolisms might be altered in a way that differentially modules the host immune system and prioritises synthesis of melanin and photoprotective indolic compounds. Like the previous study, after conducting these -omics analyses, the group then assessed the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen in preventing SSR-induced changes to the skin and its microbiome. Once again they found application of this broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen to prevent many of the previously observed changes to metabolite and microbiome profiles following SSR exposure in the RHE model, further demonstrating its ability to buffer irradiation-induced disruption and consequences like dysbiosis or inflammation (Jacques et al. , 2024). Conclusion This study is the first to explore the underlying mechanisms of sun exposure on skin host–microbiota interactions and their biological consequences using an in vitro model to represent the skin ecosystem (skin surface lipids and microbiota) and an integrated omics approach combining metabolomic and microbiomic data. Doing so allowed for accurate characterisation of the skin’s metabolomic signature following irradiation-exposure, with changes in the metabolite profile associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways in the skin being observed. They also explored how interactions between the skin and cutaneous microbiota can be influenced under such conditions, including reduced microbial diversity and possible altered function. The SPF50+ sunscreen was also shown to protect against the negative effects of SSR exposure, including disruption to host–microbial interactions and microbial diversity (Jacques et al. , 2024). Study 3: Multi-omic approach to decipher the impact of skincare products with pre/postbiotics on skin microbiome and metabolome (Li et al. , 2023) This clinical study aimed to decipher the impact of pre- and postbiotic skincare products using an integrated omics approach involving 16S rRNA gene sequencing, shotgun metagenomics and untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to explore the mechanism-of-action of a triple-biotic complex containing a combination of a prebiotic (inulin), a “smart biotic” (butyloctanol) and postbiotics (lactic acid and pyruvic acid) on skin health through modulation of the skin microbiome and metabolome over a 6-week treatment course (Li et al. , 2023). Results The researchers found application of the triple-biotic treatment significantly reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogens, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri and Sphingomonas anadarae , while also increasing the amount of commensals like Halomonas desiderata  and Streptococcus mitis  that are positively correlated with skin hydration. Further microbiome metagenomic analysis revealed enrichment of bacterial sugar degradation pathways in the prebiotic treatment group compared with baseline controls. This could serve to generate more lactic acid through active degradation of the inulin prebiotic, promoting skin hydration and maintaining its pH. Metabolomic analysis revealed enrichment of several clinically relevant metabolites in the prebiotic group, such as long-chain/medium-chain fatty acids, Fatty acid esters, Fatty Acyls, Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives that are known to have positive effects on skin health. For example, fatty acids and esters, and fatty acyls contribute to skin barrier functions, while dicarboxylic acids have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Correlation analysis between microbiome and discriminant clinically relevant metabolites revealed a negative correlation between the reduction of S. anadarae and P. stutzeri  with fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids, while the increase of H. desiderata  was positively correlated to certain metabolites associated with the increase of skin hydration (Li et al. , 2023). Conclusion This study demonstrated a significant positive effect of a triple-biotic complex consisting of a prebiotic, biotic, and postbiotic on the physical and microbial parameters of skin following 6-weeks of topical application, with enhanced skin hydration and a more favourable shift in microbiome composition towards favourable commensals and away for opportunistic pathogens. Some of these commensal species were also found to positively correlate with skin hydration following analysis of the microbiome metagenome and metabolome, presenting potential bacterial targets for the development of future therapeutics (Li et al. , 2023). Strengths and Limitations of Research (integrated omics to skincare) Strengths: The implementation of such integrated omics approaches examining data from various omics datasets has allowed for the successful identification of clinically relevant strains and metabolites of interest that could act as targets for the development of future personal care products addressing a diverse set of issues surrounding skin health, for example, by enriching topical formulations with the desired microbial strains and their metabolites (Li et al. , 2023). Omics can also provide a holistic assessment of product efficacy during testing by accurately modelling how different environmental conditions can affect product performance on a range of parameters such as skin physiology and components by examining the molecular cross-talk that occurs between the three, as well as elucidating the specific mechanism of action by which it is able to do so (Jacques et al. , 2025). The combined analysis of multiple streams of omics data also open up avenues to better understand host-microbiome interactions by linking host physiology to microbiome function, allowing for a more comprehensive analysis of how this dynamic relationship can be altered in response to intrinsic and extrinsic factors, as well as how these interactions can change (or be maintained) by personal product use. This information can be used to improve formulations so that they avoid pushing the microbiome towards unfavourable dysbiosis, or promote a more balanced microbiome in the case of treating dysbiotic disorders (Jacques et al. , 2024). Limitations: Many existing omics studies rely on the use of in vitro  models to gather data on skin physiology and product performance, making it difficult to fully reproduce the complex interplay that exists between host metabolism and the cutaneous microbiota in such a static system (Jacques et al. , 2024). While many omics studies have succeeded in promoting a deeper understanding of host-microbiome interactions, there is still a lacking standardised approach for the integration of these multiomics layers, which can make it difficult to both draw accurate comparisons between studies, and determine whether observations are real or pipeline-related artifacts (Chetty and Blekhman, 2024). Many of the computational tools and bioinformatics infrastructure currently available are significantly limited in their ability to support analysis, integration, and interpretation of these large omics datasets, making it difficult to obtain meaningful insights from the data. Those tools that are able to support these processes are usually inaccessible to smaller research groups and labs owing to cost, further restricting this field of research (Shi et al. , 2025). Future Directions and Research Integrated multigenomics technologies could allow for the development of personalised care products via identification and tracking of differential skin biomarkers combining multiple omics signatures. Altered biomarker profiles can be used as indicators of particular conditions, and returned to baseline using specific ingredients that modulate the expression of these altered components, allowing for more individualised and targeted treatment for various disorders and skin types. Furthermore, understanding individual skin biomarkers can be used to predict the suitability of products for specific individuals, permitting more precise and refined product formulation (Dessì et al. , 2024). They can also provide added dimensionality to deciphering host-microbiome interactions by elucidating the functional role of these microbes and their mechanism of action in influencing skin condition by analysing the products they produce, how these are synthesised, and their overall effects on skin health, as well as offering deeper insight into skin disorders and how this host-microbe crosstalk influences progression (Fernández-Carro et al. , 2025). The growing availability of these omics datasets may facilitate the development of in silico  models that use machine learning to accurately predict the effects of cosmetic ingredients on the skin using existing omics data, acting as a more ethical alternative to existing animal models. Such “infotechnomics” approaches may pave the way for more rapid and accessible ingredient testing for factors like safety (toxicity) and efficacy, streamlining the product formulation process and allowing for greater standardisation (Kalicińska et al. , 2023). Lastly, integrated omics skin biomarkers can be used to monitor the progression of specific skin conditions, as well as predicting susceptibility to disease. This can further promote the development of predictive and preventative therapeutics via biomarker screening approaches for the identification of early diagnostic markers in order to develop effective, personalised treatments to mitigate or reduce the effects of various skin disorders that might emerge later in life (Wei et al. , 2024). Conclusion Omics provides an interdisciplinary approach to studying skin health and the microbiome, with research increasingly focusing on the application of these technologies for the development of personal care products and their effects on this dynamic host-microbial system. This allows for a holistic assessment of skin biomarkers and how these components can be altered by various products and external conditions, with many positive implications for product formulations and skin monitoring. However, despite providing an increased understanding of these complex biological systems, much work remains to be done to improve the accuracy and standardisation of such omics models. Improving these limitations can pave the way for the development of personalised products and treatments for various skin conditions, product testing, and preventative diagnostic therapeutics. References Bastonini, E. et al. (2025) ‘Lipidome Complexity in Physiological and Pathological Skin Pigmentation’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(14), p. 6785. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146785 . Chetty, A. and Blekhman, R. (2024) ‘Multi-omic approaches for host-microbiome data integration’, Gut Microbes, 16(1), p. 2297860. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2023.2297860 . Dessì, A. et al. (2024) ‘Integrative Multiomics Approach to Skin: The Sinergy between Individualised Medicine and Futuristic Precision Skin Care?’, Metabolites, 14(3), p. 157. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14030157 . Fernández-Carro, E. et al. (2025) ‘Alternatives Integrating Omics Approaches for the Advancement of Human Skin Models: A Focus on Metagenomics, Metatranscriptomics, and Metaproteomics’, Microorganisms, 13(8), p. 1771. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13081771 . Fukushima-Nomura, A., Kawasaki, H. and Amagai, M. (2025) ‘Integrative omics redefining allergy mechanisms and precision medicine’, Allergology International, 74(4), pp. 514–524. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2025.08.007 . Jacques, C. et al. (2024) ‘Multi-omics approach to understand the impact of sun exposure on an in vitro skin ecosystem and evaluate a new broad-spectrum sunscreen’, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 100(2), pp. 477–490. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1111/php.13841 . Jacques, C. et al. (2025) ‘Multi-omics analysis to evaluate the effects of solar exposure and a broad-spectrum SPF50+ sunscreen on markers of skin barrier function in a skin ecosystem model’, Photochemistry and Photobiology, 101(2), pp. 373–385. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1111/php.14001 . Kalicińska, J. et al. (2023) ‘Artificial Intelligence That Predicts Sensitizing Potential of Cosmetic Ingredients with Accuracy Comparable to Animal and In Vitro Tests—How Does the Infotechnomics Compare to Other “Omics” in the Cosmetics Safety Assessment?’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(7), p. 6801. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076801 . Li, M. et al. (2023) ‘Multi-omic approach to decipher the impact of skincare products with pre/postbiotics on skin microbiome and metabolome’, Frontiers in Medicine, 10. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1165980 . Liu, Yang et al. (2023) ‘Proteomics and transcriptomics explore the effect of mixture of herbal extract on diabetic wound healing process’, Phytomedicine, 116, p. 154892. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154892 . Ning, K. and Li, Y. (2023) ‘Introduction to Multi-Omics’, in K. Ning (ed.) Methodologies of Multi-Omics Data Integration and Data Mining: Techniques and Applications. Singapore: Springer Nature, pp. 1–10. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8210-1_1 . Shi, S. et al. (2025) ‘The role of multiomics in revealing the mechanism of skin repair and regeneration’, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 16. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1497988 . Wei, S. et al. (2024) ‘Multiomics insights into the female reproductive aging’, Ageing Research Reviews, 95, p. 102245. Available at:   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2024.102245 .

Within the skincare sector, Vitamin C has been hailed as an all-round skincare essential product with capabilities of for brightening, antioxidant protection, and collagen support however, its specific effects on the skin microbiome are only beginning to be understood.  What we know: Emerging research suggests that Vitamin C, whether taken as a supplement or applied topically, can support microbial diversity, modulate immune responses, and aid in wound healing. Topical Vitamin C, especially in low-pH formulations, increases microbial diversity without disrupting key bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis  and Cutibacterium acnes (Janssens-Böcker et al,  2024). Vitamin C also has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, helping manage acne by inhibiting pathogens such as C. acnes , with effects enhanced when combined with zinc or clarithromycin (Sun et al , 2024). Vitamin C also supports the skin barrier and immune function, benefiting skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and dermatitis. While mechanisms in disease contexts are still being studied, evidence highlights its microbiome-friendly potential (Joshi et al,  2023). Industry Impact and Potential As microbiome-conscious skincare grows, Vitamin C offers brands opportunities to innovate responsibly. Its dual role as a skin health booster and microbiome-friendly ingredient enables effective, gentle formulations that meet demand for science-backed, sustainable products. Emerging research points to key innovation areas: Combination therapies:  Pairing Vitamin C with actives like zinc or light treatments targets pathogens, reduces inflammation, and supports repair. Personalized skincare:  Understanding Vitamin C’s interaction with individual microbiomes enables tailored products that enhance efficacy while preserving balance. Barrier and wound support:  Vitamin C-based dressings and delivery systems promote healing and antimicrobial protection without cytotoxicity. Our Solution: At Sequential, we specialise in supporting business to innovate confidently by providing comprehensive microbiome product testing. With a database of 50,000+ microbiome samples, 4,000 ingredients, and 10,000+ testing participants, we deliver science-driven, actionable insights that can help guide product formulation. With our expertise and customisable services, we can support the creation of products that not only deliver visible results but also support a healthy and balanced microbiome for long term skin viability. References: Janssens-Böcker, C., Doberenz, C., Monteiro, M., & De Oliveira Ferreira, M., 2024. Influence of Cosmetic Skincare Products with pH < 5 on the Skin Microbiome: A Randomized Clinical Evaluation.  Dermatology and Therapy , 15, pp. 141 - 159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-024-01321-x . Joshi, M., Hiremath, P., John, J., Ranadive, N., Nandakumar, K., & Mudgal, J., 2023. Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases.  Pharmacological Reports , 75, pp. 1096 - 1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-023-00520-1 . Sun, C., Na, Y., Wang, Z., Zhu, T., & Liu, X., 2024. Phytochemicals, promising strategies combating Cutibacterium acnes.  Frontiers in Pharmacology , 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1476670 .

Teeth whitening, or dental bleaching, is a popular cosmetic procedure aimed at lightening teeth colour. Despite its widespread use, the impact of these treatments on the oral microbiome remains underexplored.  What We Know: Most in-office teeth whitening treatments rely on hydrogen peroxide (HP) or its precursor, carbamide peroxide (CP). As products containing > 0.1% peroxide are typically restricted to dentist-prescribed use, over-the-counter alternatives have emerged, including agents such as phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid, sodium chlorite and sodium bicarbonate. Additionally, natural enzymes like bromelain, papain and cysteine proteases have also been tested as whitening agents in vitro (Müller-Heupt et al., 2023). Peroxides, especially HP, are considered the gold standard for teeth whitening. They generate reactive free radicals that oxidise organic chromophores, like those from coffee, red wine or tea. This oxidation breaks down the chromophores into smaller molecules that absorb fewer wavelengths of visible light, making the teeth appear lighter (Müller-Heupt et al., 2023). Although peroxide-based treatments are safe and effective, they cause temporary tooth sensitivity in 43-80% of patients. This sensitivity is likely due to microscopic damage to the enamel, which allows oxygen radicals to reach the dental nerve, causing inflammation and temporary discomfort (Müller-Heupt et al., 2023). Industry Impact and Potential: Some oral microbes, including viridans streptococci , exhibit resistance to peroxide. These bacteria can survive in HP environments and may even metabolise it. Salivary enzymes like lactoperoxidase further help reduce the toxicity of HP, protecting bacteria from its effects. While in vitro  studies have shown that CP can inhibit certain bacteria, these findings have not been consistently observed in vivo . Overall, dental bleaching does not significantly disrupt the oral microbiome, as the overall population of microorganisms remains stable (Franz-Montan et al., 2009).  HP whitening agents can temporarily reduce Streptococcus mutans populations. However, these reductions are short-lived, with S. mutans  levels returning to baseline within 30 days. In contrast, CP whitening shows no significant effect on S. mutans . The antimicrobial action of HP is localised to the treatment area and works by damaging bacterial DNA and disrupting metabolic processes. Whitening agents have minimal effects on areas like saliva and buccal mucosa due to limited gel contact and protective enzymes (Briso et al., 2018). Our Solution: Sequential specialises in microbiome analysis and product development across oral, skin, scalp and vulvar areas. By pioneering innovative solutions, we support and preserve the microbiome. With our expertise, we are equipped to collaborate with your company in developing teeth-whitening products that promote both a healthy oral microbiome and overall oral health. References: Briso, A., Silva, Ú., Souza, M., Rahal, V., Jardim Júnior, E.G. & Cintra, L. (2018) A clinical, randomized study on the influence of dental whitening on Streptococcus mutans population. Australian Dental Journal. 63 (1), 94–98. doi:10.1111/adj.12569. Franz-Montan, M., Ramacciato, J.C., Rodrigues, J.A., Marchi, G.M., Rosalen, P.L. & Groppo, F.C. (2009) The effect of combined bleaching techniques on oral microbiota. Indian Journal of Dental Research: Official Publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 20 (3), 304–307. doi:10.4103/0970-9290.57367. Müller-Heupt, L.K., Wiesmann-Imilowski, N., Kaya, S., Schumann, S., Steiger, M., Bjelopavlovic, M., Deschner, J., Al-Nawas, B. & Lehmann, K.M. (2023) Effectiveness and Safety of Over-the-Counter Tooth-Whitening Agents Compared to Hydrogen Peroxide In Vitro. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 24 (3), 1956. doi:10.3390/ijms24031956.

What is a Microbiome Formulation? What is a Microbiome Formulation? Less is More approach Statistically, Women typically apply around 16 beauty products each day, exposing their skin to about 515 synthetic chemicals daily. (“The Average Woman Uses 16 Beauty Products Every Day. Here Are the Ones Worth the Investment,” 2018) This extensive exposure has led to a rise in skin sensitivity, which now affects 60-70% of women and 50-60% of men worldwide (Sensitive skins wear their own skin microbiota, 2024) - a number that continues to climb. To mitigate these effects, experts advise using fewer, essential ingredients and prioritising simple, balanced formulations over emphasising single "hero" ingredients. This holistic approach fosters skin compatibility, supporting healthier skin with reduced risk of irritation. Traditional vs Microbiome approach The traditional skin care approach highlights a single, "hero" ingredient or a blend of active ingredients to deliver specific benefits, with the spotlight on these components as the main drivers of product efficacy. However, a microbiome-focused approach takes a broader, more holistic perspective. It considers how each ingredient, including non-active additives (functional ingredients), interacts with the skin and its microbiome. This method aims to create formulations that support the skin's natural microbial balance, ensuring that every component contributes positively to overall skin health. Anhydrous Products Anhydrous products, with no water, do not require preservatives since bacteria need moisture to grow. However, they face challenges: incorporating water-soluble actives is difficult, and they are more prone to oxidation and rancidity. Their thick, oil-based consistency may also not suit all skin types, especially oily or sensitive skin. Despite these drawbacks, anhydrous formulations appeal to consumers interested in preservative-free, minimal skincare. Water-based Products Water in skincare products often makes up 80%, requiring emulsifiers to mix with oils and preservatives to prevent bacterial and fungal growth. To avoid contamination, effective preservation is essential. Instead of skipping preservation, reducing water activity can enhance product stability by limiting moisture, which is crucial for safer, less chemically intensive formulations. pH Maintaining a skincare formulation with a slightly acidic pH, ideally below 5, supports the skin's microbiome and barrier function. Alkaline cleansers with pH levels above 7 can disrupt the acid mantle, weakening the barrier and encouraging harmful bacteria. Hülpüsch et al. (2022) found that a higher skin pH (5.7–6.2) in atopic dermatitis patients is linked to increased Staphylococcus aureus colonisation, worsening inflammation and barrier issues. Acidic formulations may help control bacterial overgrowth, reducing flare-ups and promoting skin health in at-risk groups like those with AD. Ingredients Formulations that are high in lipids can strengthen the skin barrier, enhancing hydration and resilience against irritants. Combining gentle surfactants with super fatty agents further reduces potential for irritation and maintains moisture, which is particularly beneficial for sensitive skin types. These principles help prevent disruption of the microbiome, ensuring the skin remains balanced and resilient over time (Van Belkum et al., 2023). The selection of mildly acidic, pH-balanced ingredients close to the skin’s natural acidity (4.7 < pH < 5.7) is crucial, as it helps preserve the skin’s barrier and microbiome. Preservatives To protect the skin microbiome and reduce bacterial growth, it’s essential to minimise preservatives, especially in oil-based products. Anhydrous formulations, which don’t require preservatives, are ideal when possible. For water-based products, alternatives such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and natural humectants like glycerin, sodium lactate, and NMF components (ceramide, urea), can improve microbial stability and skin barrier function (Halla et al., 2018). Airless packaging and sterilisation methods like UHT technology can further enhance product safety by minimising contamination, reducing the need for traditional preservatives. Surfactants Water-in-oil System: Choose emulsifiers with a low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance ratio and natural ingredients like plant oils or sugars. Limit emulsifier concentration to maintain skin barrier integrity. Avoid Polysorbate 80, which can promote pathogen growth, and use alternatives like Polyglyceryl 4 Oleate, which self-emulsify when mixed with water. Oil-in-water System: Use microbiome-friendly emulsifiers derived from natural sources like plant oils and sugars. Examples include Olivem 1000, made from olive oil (Cetearyl Olivate and Sorbitan Olivate), and Emulium Mellifera MB, which combines beeswax and jojoba wax (Polyglyceryl-6 Distearate and Jojoba Esters). These emulsifiers help maintain skin health while supporting the microbiome. It's also important to limit the concentration of emulsifiers to avoid disrupting the skin barrier. Fragrances/Essential Oils Fragrances should generally be avoided in skincare formulations, especially for sensitive skin, as many fragrances can cause irritation. However, certain essential oils may serve as antimicrobial agents in products for non-sensitive skin, offering a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. For instance, bergamot and lavender oils demonstrate antibacterial and antifungal effects, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, though they do not affect S. epidermidis (Kim et al., 2022). Additionally, rosemary oil and phenylethyl alcohol show strong antifungal properties, adding preservative benefits without traditional preservatives. Reference Byrd, A. L., Belkaid, Y., & Segre, J. A. (2018). The human skin microbiome. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(3), 143-155. Halla, N., Fernandes, I. P., Heleno, S. A., Costa, P., Boucherit-Otmani, Z., Boucherit, K., Rodrigues, A. E., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., & Barreiro, M. F. (2018). Cosmetics Preservation: A Review on Present Strategies. Molecules, 23(7), 1571. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23071571 The average woman uses 16 beauty products every day. Here are the ones worth the investment. (2018, December 6). The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/beauty/face/essential-skincare-makeup-products-use-everyday/ Sensitive skins wear their own skin microbiota - BEAUTY HORIZONS 1 2021 WW. (2024, March 27). https://digital.teknoscienze.com/beauty_horizons_1_2021_ww/sensitive_skins_wear_their_own_skin_microbiota Hülpüsch, C., Tremmel, K., Hammel, G., Bhattacharyya, M., De Tomassi, A., Nussbaumer, T., Neumann, A. U., Reiger, M., & Traidl‐Hoffmann, C. (2020). Skin pH–dependent Staphylococcus aureus abundance as predictor for increasing atopic dermatitis severity. Allergy, 75(11), 2888–2898. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.14461 Van Belkum, A., Lisotto, P., Pirovano, W., Mongiat, S., Zorgani, A., Gempeler, M., Bongoni, R., & Klaassens, E. (2023). Being friendly to the skin microbiome: Experimental assessment. Frontiers in Microbiomes, 1. https://doi.org/10.3389/frmbi.2022.1077151 Nielsen, H. L., et al. (2016). Influence of emulsifiers on microbial stability in cosmetic formulations. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 38(4), 357-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/ics.12301 Kim, J., et al. (2022). Antimicrobial effects of essential oils on skin microbiota. 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< Back Sales Associate (UK Based) United Kingdom Job Type Full-time Workspace Hybrid About the Role As a Sales Associate at Sequential, you will be essential in building relationships and expanding our reach within the microbiome industry. Your role will involve supporting business development efforts, assisting in sales strategy execution, and helping grow market share for Sequential’s innovative products and services. You will work closely with the Commercial Director and team to meet sales goals, develop client relationships, and contribute to Sequential’s mission of advancing microbiome science. This is a fantastic opportunity for an ambitious sales professional to gain hands-on experience and make a tangible impact in a rapidly growing biotech field. Essential Duties and Responsibilities: Sales Support and Development: Assist in the identification and acquisition of new customer accounts, supporting the growth of Sequential’s client base. Client Relationship Building: Cultivate relationships with existing and prospective clients, focusing on understanding their needs and promoting Sequential’s unique offerings. Market Research: Conduct ongoing research to stay informed on industry trends and competitor activity, providing valuable insights for sales strategies. CRM and Data Management: Maintain accurate records in our CRM (HubSpot), tracking interactions, progress, and key performance indicators. Sales Target Achievement: Work towards defined sales goals, contributing to Sequential’s revenue targets and growth ambitions. Collaborative Efforts: Work closely with marketing, product, and operations teams to align efforts and ensure a seamless customer experience. Product Knowledge Development: Stay up-to-date on Sequential’s product offerings and the latest microbiome research to effectively communicate value to clients. Qualifications and Experience: 1-2 years of sales experience, ideally within the biotechnology, cosmetics, or life sciences fields. Familiarity with CRM systems, preferably HubSpot, and the ability to manage data with accuracy. Strong written and verbal communication skills with a passion for client interaction and customer service. Tech-savvy and eager to leverage technology to enhance sales effectiveness. Bachelor's degree in Life Sciences, Business, or a related field preferred; demonstrated interest in microbiome or biotechnology is a plus. Motivated self-starter with a goal-oriented mindset and excellent organizational skills. Ability to work collaboratively and adapt in a dynamic, fast-paced environment. What You Get from Us: A base salary with a commission structure that rewards your hard work and success. Access to our Equity Incentive Plan, allowing you to grow alongside Sequential as we expand. The chance to work with industry experts in one of the fastest-growing sectors within biotechnology. Be part of a company at the forefront of microbiome research, making an impact in the biotechnology and healthcare fields. About the Company Sequential is a global leader in the skin microbiome field, a team of PhD experts in testing products and their effect on the human microbiome (skin, scalp, oral, vulva). An Innovate UK- and Enterprise Singapore-backed company, with labs in London, New York City and Singapore. Awarded the title "Most Significant" Testing Solution in the Industry - (C&T, 2022). To date, Sequential has amassed over 25,000 human skin microbiome samples and corresponding formulations tested in vivo on the skin. With this vast genomic dataset, Sequential are figuring out optimal formulations that could potentially alleviate skin conditions, for example – acne, atopic dermatitis and rosacea. They have been supported by Innovate UK, Enterprise SG, A*STAR (Genome Institute of Singapore). They have raised $4.3MM USD to date from SOSV, Metaplanet, Scrum Ventures, Corundum Systems Biology and are a resident company of JLABS Innovation (in NYC). Apply Now

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