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Vaginal microbiome transplantation (VMT) is an emerging treatment that aims to restore the natural balance of the vaginal microbiome, offering a promising alternative to traditional therapies for vaginal disorders. Recent studies highlight its potential to treat conditions like bacterial vaginosis, recurrent yeast infections, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and preterm birth. What We Know: The vaginal microbiome is typically acidic (pH < 4.5) due to the presence of lactic acid-producing Lactobacilli . This acidity creates a protective barrier with microbicidal and virucidal properties, preventing infections and reducing the risk of issues such as STIs, infertility and pregnancy complications (Turner et al., 2023). Therefore, disruption of this microbial balance, whether by a shift in resident bacteria or the introduction of pathogens, can lead to discomfort and inflammation (Meng, Sun & Zhang, 2024). Due to the parallels between the gut and vaginal microbiomes - both maintaining health through a balanced microbial environment and experiencing infections when disrupted - research has explored similar therapeutic approaches. Just as faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been effective for gut disorders, VMT shows promise in restoring microbial balance and improving health outcomes in women with vaginal microbiome dysbiosis (Meng, Sun & Zhang, 2024). Industry Impact and Potential: Research links reduced Lactobacillus  dominance and increased vaginal microbiome diversity to precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The microbiota associated with HPV, dysplasia or cancer includes bacteria from bacterial vaginosis and other dysbiosis. These findings suggest that VMT might aid cervical cancer treatment by restoring healthier vaginal microbiota and addressing HPV-related factors (Łaniewski, Ilhan & Herbst-Kralovetz, 2020) . Freya BioSciences has successfully completed a Phase I clinical trial of FB101, a microbiome treatment derived from healthy donors designed to boost Lactobacillus levels and address vaginal dysbiosis in women undergoing IVF. The treatment demonstrated lasting effects for over 8 weeks and improved inflammatory markers, showing promise for enhancing infertility outcomes, as dysbiotic vaginal microbiomes are linked to lower IVF pregnancy rates. Phase II trials are expected to conclude by 2025 (Smith, 2023).  Our Solution: Sequential leads the way in microbiome research, providing comprehensive services that extend beyond vaginal microbiome analysis. We also design and support studies focused on the skin, scalp and oral microbiomes while assisting your company in formulating products that protect microbiome health. Our team of experts is dedicated to helping your business develop thorough and effective studies - such as those aimed at nurturing and enhancing the vaginal microbiome - ultimately promoting women's health and well-being. References: Łaniewski, P., Ilhan, Z.E. & Herbst-Kralovetz, M.M. (2020) The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy. Nature Reviews. Urology. 17 (4), 232–250. doi:10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z. Meng, Y., Sun, J. & Zhang, G. (2024) Vaginal microbiota transplantation is a truly opulent and promising edge: fully grasp its potential. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 14. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2024.1280636. Turner, F., Drury, J., Hapangama, D.K. & Tempest, N. (2023) Menstrual Tampons Are Reliable and Acceptable Tools to Self-Collect Vaginal Microbiome Samples. International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 24 (18), 14121. doi:10.3390/ijms241814121.

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition marked by skin barrier dysfunction and immune dysregulation. Influenced by genetic, immunological and environmental factors, as well as the skin microbiome, AD often occurs alongside food allergies (FA). Research has investigated how the skin microbiome contributes to this. What We Know: The 'Dual Allergen Exposure Hypothesis' posits that dermal exposure to allergens during the early life period can lead to FA development, whereas early consumption of allergenic foods promotes tolerance (Lack et al., 2003) . During AD flare-ups, the skin microbiome composition changes: microbial diversity decreases as disease severity increases and generally the abundance of Staphylococcus aureus significantly rises. Approximately 70% of AD individuals are colonised with S. aureus  on lesional skin and 30%–40% in non-lesional skin. Staphylococcus epidermidis  communities are present in both flare and post-flare states (Totté et al., 2016) . Industry Impact and Potential: Mouse studies have shown that FA can develop through skin exposure to allergens due to compromised skin barriers in AD. This involves immune cell activation, increased allergen-specific antibodies and inflammation. Exposure to staphylococcal toxin (SEB) and allergens results in stronger allergic responses than exposure to allergens alone, suggesting that SEB may enhance food allergy development through AD-affected skin (Savinko et al., 2005) . AD children colonised by S. aureus  have a higher risk of FA compared to healthy controls. Infants aged 4-60 months colonised by S. aureus  have an increased risk of developing peanut and egg allergies within their first 5 years, regardless of AD severity (Jones, Curran-Everett & Leung, 2016; Tsilochristou et al., 2019) .  A deeper understanding of how the skin barrier and microbiome contribute to the development of AD and FA has sparked interest in skin-based interventions for allergy prevention. Several randomised controlled trials have examined prophylactic skin interventions from infancy to prevent AD, yielding mixed results. Future research should investigate how early-life shifts in skin microbiota affect AD and FA onset to refine intervention strategies and identify microbial biomarkers for high-risk infants. Although using skin microbes as biotherapeutics for AD shows promise, further investigation is needed to assess its potential for sustained clinical benefits  (Tham et al., 2024) . Our Solution: At Sequential, we specialise in comprehensive Microbiome Product Testing tailored to meet your specific goals in formulating products, such as AD and FD treatment and prevention strategies. Our customised services empower businesses to confidently develop topical solutions. We facilitate microbiome studies to ensure these products maintain microbiome integrity, promoting efficacy and compatibility for healthier skin.  References: Jones, A.L., Curran-Everett, D. & Leung, D.Y.M. (2016) Food allergy is associated with Staphylococcus aureus colonization in children with atopic dermatitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 137 (4), 1247-1248.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.010. Lack, G., Fox, D., Northstone, K. & Golding, J. (2003) Factors Associated with the Development of Peanut Allergy in Childhood. New England Journal of Medicine. 348 (11), 977–985. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013536. Savinko, T., Lauerma, A., Lehtimäki, S., Gombert, M., Majuri, M.-L., Fyhrquist-Vanni, N., Dieu-Nosjean, M.-C., Kemeny, L., Wolff, H., Homey, B. & Alenius, H. (2005) Topical Superantigen Exposure Induces Epidermal Accumulation of CD8+ T Cells, a Mixed Th1/Th2-Type Dermatitis and Vigorous Production of IgE Antibodies in the Murine Model of Atopic Dermatitis1. The Journal of Immunology. 175 (12), 8320–8326. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8320. Tham, E.H., Chia, M., Riggioni, C., Nagarajan, N., Common, J.E.A. & Kong, H.H. (2024) The skin microbiome in pediatric atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Allergy. 79 (6), 1470–1484. doi:10.1111/all.16044. Totté, J.E.E., van der Feltz, W.T., Hennekam, M., van Belkum, A., van Zuuren, E.J. & Pasmans, S.G.M.A. (2016) Prevalence and odds of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. British Journal of Dermatology. 175 (4), 687–695. doi:10.1111/bjd.14566. Tsilochristou, O., Toit, G. du, Sayre, P.H., Roberts, G., Lawson, K., et al. (2019) Association of Staphylococcus aureus colonization with food allergy occurs independently of eczema severity. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 144 (2), 494–503. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.04.025.

Introduction: What are nanoparticles? Nanoparticles (NPs) are particles with sizes ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers and can be categorized based on their properties, shapes, or sizes. Their nanoscale dimensions and large surface area make them possess unique physical and chemical characteristics. These attributes make NPs ideal for a wide range of applications, including enhancing catalysis, imaging, biomedical uses, energy research, and environmental technologies (Khan et al ., 2019). Examples of some naturally occurring nanoparticles are Silver (Ag), Gold (Au), Iron Oxide (Fe3O4), and Silica (SiO2). Ag can be found in aquatic environments and are used for their antimicrobial properties in products like plastics, paints, and cosmetics. Au are found in ore deposits and are utilized in tumor phototherapy, immunoassays, and biosensors. Fe3O4 are present in sediments and are employed in controlled drug release systems. SiO2, which can be released during volcanic eruptions or found naturally in rocks, sand, soil and water, are used as food additives, in cellular imaging, and as nanocarriers (Griffin et al ., 2017). NPs can be engineered to interact with biological systems at both the molecular and cellular levels. This precise interaction makes them highly promising tools for influencing and modulating the microbiome.  Nanocarriers Nanocarriers (NCs) are nanoengineered, biocompatible materials or devices designed to work in combination with bioactive compounds. They play a crucial role in pharmaceutical and also in cosmetic sciences by enhancing the delivery and efficacy of therapeutic agents (Rout et al ., 2018). For instance, NCs enhance drug delivery by ensuring that antifungal medications are more effectively targeted to the infection site, improving their therapeutic impact. Their small size allows for better skin penetration as well as a controlled and sustained release of drugs, which maintains therapeutic levels longer and reduces the frequency of application. Additionally, nanocarriers improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and minimize systemic side effects by focusing the drug action more precisely on the infected areas (Keshwania et al ., 2023). Bioconjugated nanoparticulate systems are now being employed in the treatment of a range of severe and previously incurable infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, as well as chronic conditions like diabetes and various types of cancers (Rout et al ., 2018). Challenges in modulating the skin microbiome Rising Antimicrobial Resistance A significant challenge in skin microbiome management is the development of antimicrobial resistance. For instance, many Cutibacterium acnes  strains, a common skin bacterium associated with acne, have developed resistance to major antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (Alkhawaja et al ., 2020). Stability and Competition of Applied Microbiota Stabilizing applied bacteria on the skin is challenging. Despite initial topical disinfection, it is difficult to eliminate the existing subcutaneous microbiota. Consequently, new microbiota applied to the skin surface must compete with the microbiota residing in deeper skin layers, which can undermine their effectiveness (Callewaert et al ., 2021). Technical Difficulties in Probiotic Delivery Delivering probiotics effectively presents its own set of challenges: limited concentrations, low viability in harsh environments, susceptibility to oxidative damage, challenging preservation and distribution, etc. Encapsulation technology offers a solution by enabling precise and controlled release of probiotics at varying concentrations. This method protects probiotics from harsh conditions and environmental factors such as oxygen, temperature, and light, enhancing their survival and functionality (Pandey  et al ., 2024). Advances of nanotechnology in biomedical applications To address these challenges nanotechnology has been advancing rapidly, particularly in the development of innovative drug delivery systems. Innovations in nanocarrier systems, such as nanoparticles and liposomes (Figure 1), are now engineered to specifically target pathogens or infected tissues (Zong et al ., 2022). Liposomes can carry both water-soluble (Figure 1a) and fat-soluble (Figure 1b) drugs in one structure. They are biocompatible, biodegradable, low in toxicity, and cause minimal immune response. Different types of liposomes can be made positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral (Figure 1c). Liposomes interact with cells mainly through endocytosis (Figure 1d) or fusion (Figure 1e). Additionally, they can easily be modified with surface appendages allowing them to target molecules like antibodies, proteins, or enzymes to direct drugs to infection sites (Figure 1f) (Zong et al ., 2022). NP as Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) The transdermal drug delivery system is a technique that allows drugs to be absorbed through the skin. Nevertheless, the great hydrophobicity and physiology of the skin layers prevent the passive permeation of drug molecules over 500kDA, thus limiting transdermal drug diffusion. Nanoparticles have the ability to improve drug bioavailability, drug penetration and physical stability alongside providing precise dose control and targeted delivery, ensuring that drugs are released in a controlled manner and directed specifically to desired tissues or skin layers. This improved targeting helps in overcoming the skin barrier, thus enhancing treatment efficacy and reducing side effects (Palmer & DeLouise., 2016). Drugs can penetrate the stratum corneum (SC) through two primary pathways: the transepidermal route and the transappendageal route (Figure 2). Transepidermal route In the transepidermal route, drugs can penetrate the skin via two pathways: the transcellular route , which is a direct path through corneocytes and lipid layers, and the intercellular route , which involves diffusing through the lipid matrix around corneocytes. Hydrophilic drugs typically use the transcellular route, while lipophilic  drugs prefer the intercellular route (Barnes et al ., 2021).  While lipophilic and amphiphilic molecules favour the intercellular route, the architecture of the epidermis presents a difficult path to follow causing limited permissibility. However, skin penetration enhancers (e.g. DMSO, glycols, laurocapram, etc.) can enhance drug permeation. The transcellular pathway on the other hand would be unfavorable for most drugs as they would be required to alternate hydrophilic and lipophilic regions.    Transappendagel route The transappendageal route involves drug transport through sweat glands and hair follicles, creating channels across the SC. While these appendages cover only about 0.1% of the skin's surface and contribute minimally to drug absorption, they are crucial for ions and large polar molecules. Sweat ducts and sebaceous glands can limit drug permeation due to their hydrophilic and lipid-rich environments (Barnes et al ., 2021). Notwithstanding, they benefit from accelerated transport through the skin and can serve as a reservoir for the drugs for an improved and sustained controlled localised release into skin in addition to a great proximity to the capillary vessels, facilitating systemic delivery. How can nanoparticles be used to modulate the microbiome? Nanocarriers as delivery systems Delivery of antimicrobial agents NPs can be engineered to carry antimicrobial agents like antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, or essential oils, delivering them directly to targeted areas of the skin to combat harmful microbes. For instance, silver nanoparticles are known for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of various bacteria and fungi. This makes them valuable in treating skin infections, as they can disrupt microbial cell membranes, inhibit enzyme activity, and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to microbial death (Yin et al ., 2020). Assisting probiotic delivery Encapsulating probiotics within protective nanocarriers acts as a physical barrier that shields them from harsh environments, such as stomach acid and bile, ensuring higher survival rates upon consumption. This encapsulation also protects probiotics from external factors like temperature and light during storage, enhancing their stability and shelf life. Additionally, nanocarriers enable the precise and controlled release of probiotics at targeted sites, maximizing their therapeutic potential. Co-encapsulation is also an option, where probiotics and other bioactive compounds are delivered together, potentially enhancing overall health benefits through synergistic effects (Pandey et al ., 2024). Targeted drug delivery NPs can be engineered for specific cell, tissue, or location targeting by modifying their surface with ligands or antibodies, allowing for precise delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the intended site. This targeted approach significantly limits off-target effects, reducing damage to healthy cells and minimizing bystander effects. Additionally, the enhanced targeting and delivery efficiency provided by NPs enable a reduction in the required dose of the therapeutic compound, improving safety, and conserving biocompounds (Afzal et al ., 2021). Hussain et al. (2018) accomplished this by conjugating a 9 amino acid oligopeptide to a porous silicon NP loaded with antibiotic targeting specifically S. aureus  infected tissues.  Disruption of biofilms A biofilm is a collection of microbial cells attached to a surface, encased in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (Donlan et al ., 2002).  Following are few metal NPs that are known to have strong defence mechanism to combat biofilm formation;  Immunomodulation There are four types of immunomodulatory nanosystems: organic , inorganic , biomimetic , and naturally derived . Organic nanosystems, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, are known for their biocompatibility and controlled release capabilities. Inorganic nanosystems, including metal and silica nanoparticles, offer stability and can directly interact with immune cells. Biomimetic nanosystems mimic natural biological structures, enhancing cellular uptake and immune response. Naturally derived nanosystems use compounds from natural sources, like plant extracts or microbial products, providing inherent biocompatibility and immunomodulatory properties (Khatun et al ., 2023). Case study: Probiotic-based nanoparticles for targeted microbiota modulation and immune restoration in bacterial pneumonia (Fu et al ., 2022) Fu et al. designed probiotic-based nanoparticles called OASCLR by coating chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and ononin onto living Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR). This probiotic was chosen by virtue of its microbial competitiveness, its ability to modulate the immune response in hyperactive immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts and its role as a modulator of the microbiome composition. To ensure the viability of LR in the lungs, the probiotic was first encapsulated in CS, known for its unique mucoadhesive properties and great biocompatibility. HA was then added as it can regulate the immune system by specifically targeting pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages via CD44 receptors. To alleviate the oxidative damage rising from the harsh conditions in the lungs, the isoflavone Ononin was added to the coating. Through ROS-scavenging, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties, ononin could enhance OASCLR’s resistance against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and hyaluronidase degradation while also promoting the growth of LR and inhibiting pathogens. Considering the low bioactivity of LR in the ROS environment, the designed CS/HA–ononin shell could prevent LR from oxygen damage and allow OASCLR nanoparticles targeting pro-inflammatory macrophages by the interaction of HA with CD44.  These nanoparticles demonstrated over 99.97% antibacterial efficiency against common clinical pathogens. Notably, OASCLR modulated lung microbiota by reducing pathogens and enhancing the richness and diversity of probiotic and commensal bacteria. They also targeted inflammatory macrophages via CD44, alleviating excessive immune responses in hyperactive pneumonia. Additionally, OASCLR improved macrophage phagocytic function in immunocompromised pneumonia, increasing phagocytic ability from 2.61% to 12.3%. This work suggests a promising strategy for treating both hyperactive and immunocompromised bacterial pneumonia (Figure 3) (Fu et al ., 2022). Method To determine whether the lung microbiome was altered following OASCLR treatment, the study established a primary pneumonia model in mice using Staphylococcus aureus  (SA). The experimental design involved infecting mice with SA via nasal intubation on Day -3. The mice were then treated with either PBS as a negative control or OASCLR through non-invasive aerosol inhalation on Day 0. Blood tests were conducted on Days 1 and 7, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on Day 2 to analyze changes in the lung microbiome (Figure 4) (Fu et al ., 2022). Results: Modulation of lung microbiome by OASCLR OASCLR group exhibited a higher Chao richness index, indicating greater bacterial species richness (Figure 5D). Further analysis showed a shift in microbiota composition, with increased Firmicutes and decreased Proteobacteria  and Bacteroidota  (Figure 5E). Additionally, OASCLR reduced pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus  while boosting probiotic and commensal bacteria such as Lactobacillus  and Bifidobacterium , suggesting that OASCLR effectively promotes a healthier lung microbiota (Figure 5F) (Fu et al ., 2022). Results: Decreased inflammation Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that OASCLR treatment reduced CD45 and TNF-α expression while slightly increasing IL-10, indicating a decrease in pro-inflammatory responses. RT-PCR analysis also showed a decreased TNF-α to IL-10 ratio in the OASCLR group compared to PBS (Figure 6). These results suggest that OASCLR effectively modulates excessive inflammation in primary bacterial pneumonia (Fu et al ., 2022). Results: Macrophage polarization OASCLR treatment altered the immune landscape by reducing pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10. It also lowered the expression of CD80, a marker associated with M1 macrophages, which are typically involved in pro-inflammatory responses and tissue damage. They suggested that (This indicates that)  OASCLR promotes a shift towards M2 macrophages, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, enhanced phagocytosis, and role in tissue repair and regeneration. This change in macrophage polarisation suggests that OASCLR helps reduce inflammation and supports tissue healing (Fu et al ., 2022). Results: Biocompatibility The mice treated with OASCLR showed no significant tissue damage or adverse effects. Blood tests and H&E staining confirmed that OASCLR nanoparticles did not affect liver or kidney function and were safe for major organs. These findings suggest OASCLR has strong therapeutic potential for treating hyperactive immunocompetent primary pneumonia while complying to biocompatibility requirements (Fu et al ., 2022). Conclusion of the case study OASCLR nanoparticles were reported to restore host immunity, regulate lung inflammation, and enhance macrophage phagocytosis in bacterial pneumonia. The ononin shell allows immune evasion and safe clearance, supporting clinical use. Combining probiotics with biomaterials boosts their function, making OASCLR nanoparticles a potential treatment for various diseases beyond pneumonia (Fu et al ., 2022). Consideration of NPs for microbiome modulation Challenges in using NPs for microbiome modulation include meeting strict regulatory standards, achieving precise targeting to avoid off-target effects, and ensuring NPs stability during storage and administration. It is also important to understand the NPs degradation to ensure timely and effective drug release. These factors are critical for advancing NP-based therapies in clinical settings (Wang et al ., 2017). Conclusion: Small entities for a big future NPs have a potential to significantly impact antimicrobial therapy and microbiome modulation despite their tiny size. NPs' unique properties, such as their ability to target specific pathogens and modulate biological systems, position them as powerful tools for advancing medical treatments. This perspective underscores the transformative possibilities of NPs in addressing current challenges in healthcare, including antibiotic resistance and precise drug delivery (Wang et al ., 2017). 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We are a Team of Award-Winning Scientists Creating a World with Healthier Microbiomes Our platform is the result of our team’s combined expertise in genetics, epigenetics, and microbiome research. We utilise deep molecular analysis and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to understand the impact of product usage on an individual’s microbiome. Through our efforts, we hope to revolutionise the way in which the industry develops and tests its products to deliver optimal results to those utilising them. Our Mission Sequential is the industry leader in clinical microbiome research and testing offering a comprehensive end-to-end platform designed to bring science-backed solutions to the personal care and pharmaceutical industry. Our mission is to understand the impact of the microbiome on the host (humans) and how the host impacts the microbiome in order to characterise human health fully. ​ We offer an extensive platform to conduct research on personal care products through microbiome testing, and biophysical assessments, and offer full recruitment services for studies. We are keen to publish our findings with our partners to increase the literature within this space. At present our database of over 20,000 human microbiome samples is one of the most sophisticated within the industry and is growing rapidly. Innovation Pioneering the forefront of biological science, we consistently introduce groundbreaking advancements to redefine industry standards. Transparency Our commitment to openness ensures a clear understanding of our human microbiome testing processes and analysis. Reliability We guarantee dependable results, fostering trust in the accuracy of our analyses. Scientific Board of Advisors Our advisors are world leaders in the skin microbiome and have extensive experience in bringing forward solutions for skin concerns Prof. Tom Dawson Senior Principal Investigator at Skin Research Institute of Singapore. Over 30 years experience in biotechnology innovations, and expert in the skin and hair microbiome. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Pharmacology at the Univer sity of North Carolina. Dr Kimberly Capone Dr Kimberly Capone is a pioneer and established expert in microbiology and the human microbiome field where she created new business opportunities across multiple brands over 13 years at Johnson & Johnson Consumer, Inc. Areas of concentration included infant and adult skin, vaginal, gut, and oral health. Prof. Phillip Bennett Phillip Bennett is Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Director of the Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology. Professor Bennett has been one of the key pioneers in researching the vaginal microbiome. In particular, to understand and characterise the impact of the vaginal microbiome on preterm labour. Bennett has published over 400 peer-reviewed research articles over his career. Dr Natalya Fox Dr Natalya Fox is a Dermatologist at the NHS - St George's Hospital, London. Previously, Fox did her MBChB at the University of Edinburgh 201 4 and has her Full MRCP UK in Dermatology. Fox is passionate about the skin microbiome and its place in dermatology. Prof Eran Segal Eran Segal is a Professor at the Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at the Weizmann Institute of Science. His group has extensive experience in machine learning, computational biology, and analysis of heterogeneous high-throughput genomic data. http://genie.weizmann.ac.il Prof. Niranjan Nagarajan Associate Director & Senior Group Leader at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in computation biology, in particular the study of microbial communities resident on the human skin. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Computer Science at Cornell University. Dr Alexander Lezhava Senior Group Leader & Associate Director at Genome Institute of Singapore. Expert in the commercial development of medical diagnostics and clinical-grade molecular assays. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Microbiology at Hiroshima University. Prof. Elena Lurie-Luke A senior R&D, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Executive with extensive technical, strategic business development. Proven leadership experience in both global FMCG and public health sector environments. Please find listed a selection of relevant peer-reviewed publications from our advisors. Wu G, TL Dawson, et al. (2015) Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on Human Skin. PLOS Genetics 11(11): e1005614. Chng, K., Nagarajan, N., et al. (2016) Whole metagenome profiling reveals skin microbiome-dependent susceptibility to atopic dermatitis flare. Nat Microbiol 1, 16106. Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2018). 1039 Skin microbiome profiles of atopic dermatitis patients segregate into two community composition types that are stable before and after therapy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 138. S176. 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.1051. Ramasamy S., Barnard, E., Dawson, TL, and Huiying Li. (2019). Role of the skin microbiota in acne pathophysiology. British Journal of Dermatology, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18230. Dawson, TL. (2019) Malassezia: The Forbidden Kingdom Opens. Cell Host Microbe https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2019.02.010 Tay, A.S., Nagarajan, N., et al (2020). Atopic dermatitis microbiomes stratify into ecologic dermotypes enabling microbial virulence and disease severity. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.031. Dawson, TL. (2021) Malassezia: A Skin Commensal Yeast Impacting Both Health and Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.659219 Supported By Our Team at Sequential Dr. Oliver Worsley CEO & CO-FOUNDER Oliver is the co-founder and CEO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics as a scholar at the Genome Institute of Singapore from 2014-2018, and has won multiple awards including the P&G Young Entrepreneurship Scheme, presented at the Royal Society in London in 2017; and the top prize at the L’Oréal Innovation Runway 2018. Oliver has previously founded Anya Consulting, a healthcare communications company that has published >150 articles and has produced several technical whitepapers for clients like Fierce Health. Prior, Oliver completed his BSc at Edinburgh University, including six months at Leiden University Medical Centre through the Erasmus Programme. Sibora Peca CLINICAL OPERATIONS LEAD Emma Gray STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS Grace Robinson ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST Shalindri Jayawardene RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Dr. Albert Dashi CHIEF SCIENCE OFFICER & CO-FOUNDER Albert is the co-founder and CSO of Sequential. He completed his PhD in molecular genetics, epigenetics and stem cell research at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the Genome Institute of Singapore in 2019. In 2014, he received the Singapore International Graduate Award from A*STAR for his PhD research and was also awarded the “Young Investigator” award. He also won the “Young Entrepreneur Scheme” award by P&G for his innovative and business driven ideas. Prior moving to Singapore for his doctor program, Albert obtained his Masters in Biomedical Sciences at University of Bern, Switzerland. Andrew Davis SENIOR BIOINFORMATICIAN Forest Wong SENIOR LAB TECHNICIAN Lina Benjelloun RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Ashley LeSalle JUNIOR LAB TECHNICIAN Petronille Houdart, PharmD SKINCARE DIRECTOR Petronille is Sequential's lead skincare director, focused on translating the latest in skin science to personalised skincare recommendations. She has over a decade in the industry, working with international brands to lead and consult on R&D, creative projects and brand innovation. Petronille also led her own award-winning dermocosmetic brand, Petronille Dermo Cosmetic, that produced customisable products for men and women. Petronille holds an MSc in Cosmetology Sciences and a professional doctorate in pharmacy (specialising in dermo-pharmacy) from Paris Descartes University. Marya Sheikh-Ahmed SENIOR MARKETING ASSOCIATE Dr. Sija Sajibu RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Melissa Ople ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Annabelle Schaefer RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Kajal Patel RESEARCH ASSOCIATE Our Labs Sequential has microbiome testing labs in New York City, London and Singapore. Being close to our customers has allowed us to reduce turnaround time, whilst retaining the intellectual property in-house. Proud to Have Worked With

Search Results All (70) Research Articles (42) Other Pages (28) 70 items found Research Articles (42) Wound Wonders: Innovation in the Microbiome Space for Burn Healing In the UK, around 120,000 people visit A&E annually due to burn injuries, with 72% resulting in hypertrophic scarring, a type of raised scar that forms within the boundaries of the original wound due to excessive collagen production during healing. While traditional wound dressings effectively promote healing, there’s growing interest in innovative approaches that address post-burn scarring more effectively. What We Know: Traditional dressings help close and heal wounds by providing hydration and antimicrobial protection, but they aren’t designed to prevent or treat post-burn scarring. Burns disrupt the skin’s microbial balance, favouring heat-loving microbes like Aeribacillus, Caldalkalibacillus and Nesterenkonia while reducing beneficial bacteria such as Cutibacterium, Staphylococci and Corynebacteria . Increased levels of Corynebacterium are linked to higher infection risks, whereas Staphylococci and Cutibacterium are associated with lower infection rates post-burn (Yang et al., 2024). Despite reduced bacterial richness at the genus level, burn patients exhibit increased microbial community diversity and evenness. This altered microbial landscape, marked by a lower overall bacterial burden and an overgrowth of Staphylococcus species, highlights a persistent dysbiotic state in the skin microbiota during the subacute phase of wound healing (Liu et al., 2018) . Industry Impact and Potential: @Healome Therapeutics has developed a groundbreaking bioactive skin dressing technology, recently cleared by the @Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for a phase I trial aimed at reducing scarring. The trial, conducted at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK, involves 25 patients with burns covering 3-20% of their body surface. Healome’s innovative dressing is a clear film that not only offers the benefits of traditional wound dressings but also incorporates synthetic human-derived decorin protein, which plays a critical role in wound healing. This protein reduces the inflammatory response and regulates the wound’s microenvironment. Early research suggests that this approach may reduce fibrosis and promote tissue regeneration, offering new hope for scar management in burn patients. Products like Healome’s dressing showcase the exciting potential of using the microbiome and skin environment to enhance wound healing, paving the way for future innovations in burn care. Our Solution: At Sequential, we offer comprehensive services for evaluating product impacts and formulations, supported by a vast database of over 20,000 microbiome samples and 4,000 ingredients, along with a global network of more than 10,000 testing participants. Our customizable microbiome studies simulate real-world testing scenarios, ensuring that your products preserve biome integrity while delivering optimal results. References: Liu, S.-H., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, L.Y., Yu, S.-C., Yu, H.-Y. & Chuang, S.-S. (2018) The skin microbiome of wound scars and unaffected skin in patients with moderate to severe burns in the subacute phase. Wound Repair and Regeneration: Official Publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. 26 (2), 182–191. doi:10.1111/wrr.12632. Yang, Y., Huang, J., Zeng, A., Long, X., Yu, N. & Wang, X. (2024) The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing. Burns & Trauma. 12, tkad059. doi:10.1093/burnst/tkad059. Is Swimming Wrecking Your Skin Microbiome? Swimming is a widely enjoyed physical activity that provides various health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular fitness, enhanced muscle strength, and reduced stress levels. Nevertheless, swimming also involves exposure to different water environments, including chlorinated pools, seawater, and freshwater lakes. Each of these environments possesses distinct chemical and microbial properties that can uniquely affect the skin microbiome. Consequently, comprehending the significance of the skin microbiome in swimming is essential. What we know: Studies have found that exposure to chlorinated pool water reduces microbial diversity on the skin, as it acts as a disinfectant, killing both harmful and beneficial bacteria, which can lead to an imbalance in the skin microbiome. This imbalance may increase the risk of skin conditions like dermatitis and infections (Puce et al ., 2022). Ocean water contains a diverse range of marine bacteria, thereby enhancing the diversity of the skin microbiome. The ocean water simultaneously removes resident skin bacteria while depositing ocean-borne bacteria onto the skin (Nielsen et al ., 2019). The predominating phyla Actinobacteria , Firmicutes , and Proteobacteria on the skin changed after swimming when compared to before swimming tends to decrease, whereas Bacteroidetes tends to increase. As time passed, the bacterial community composition trended towards baseline (Nielsen et al ., 2019). The quantity of Vibrio spp. found on human skin was over ten times higher than that in the ocean water sample (which was only 0.032%), indicating that Vibrio spp. has a particular affinity for adhering to human skin (Nielsen et al ., 2019). Industry impact & potential: Research shows that males are more prone to acquiring infections from Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas spp. following water exposure. Future research could provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to these infections and explore potential differences in the skin microbiome between males and females after such exposure (Nielsen et al ., 2019). Formulations such as post and pre-swim cleansers and moisturizers should be designed to aid in microbiome recovery while also protecting the skin from chlorine and salt damage. Our solution: Sequential, is a company focusing on microbiome studies. We carry out various services from clinical testing to helping with formulations. We have at home testing kits that will allow you to discover the state of your skin microbiome. Through our Skin Health Tracker app, we can give you tips on how you can improve your skin and the microbiome. Reference: Nielsen MC, Jiang SC. Alterations of the human skin microbiome after ocean water exposure. Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Aug;145:595-603. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.047. Epub 2019 Jul 2. PMID: 31590829; PMCID: PMC8061468. Puce L, Hampton-Marcell J, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Boulares A, Marinelli L, Mori L, Cotellessa F, Currà A, Trompetto C, Bragazzi NL. Swimming and the human microbiome at the intersection of sports, clinical, and environmental sciences: A scoping review of the literature. Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 3;13:984867. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984867. PMID: 35992695; PMCID: PMC9382026. Exploring the Impact of The Scalp Microbiome on Alopecia Treatments: New Insights and Innovations The scalp microbiome plays a crucial yet often overlooked role in the development and treatment of alopecia. Studies have shed light on how rebalancing these microbes can significantly enhance the efficacy of treatments for hair loss, offering new hope for patients. What We Know: Cutibacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp . constitute about 90% of healthy scalp microbiomes, with Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp . and Prevotella spp . making up the remaining 10% (Jo et al., 2022) . Alopecia patients’ scalp microbiomes exhibit increased C. acnes , Stenotrophomonas geniculata, Wallemia and Eurotium , as well as reduced Malassezia, when compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, it is likely that an imbalance in scalp microbiota may contribute to alopecia (Zhang et al., 2024) . Industry Impact and Potential: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven effective in treating alopecia, but its impact on the scalp microbiome was previously unexplored. A recent study revealed that PRP treatment rebalances the scalp microbiome, specifically increasing Cutibacterium levels while decreasing Staphylococcus and Lawsonella levels (Zhang et al., 2024) . Cutibacterium plays a vital role in maintaining skin homeostasis and is crucial for lipid regulation, follicular niche competition, immune regulation and mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the balance between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus is important for regulating immune response. Reduction in Lawsonella suggests decreased scalp sebum production following treatment. This is relevant to alopecia treatment, as imbalances in sebum production can exacerbate hair loss by contributing to inflammation and follicle damage (Zhang et al., 2024) . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 and its heat-treated version HT-LM1020, can help promote hair growth on human scalp tissue and dermal papilla cells. These bacteria work with other ingredients to fight hair loss by boosting cell growth and regulating the expression of proteins important for cell division (Bae et al., 2024) . AMOREPACIFIC patented a composition that uses extracellular follicles derived from LAB to prevent hair loss, stimulate hair growth and support overall hair health. These extracellular follicles (cellular components or secretions released by the bacteria) represent a promising advancement in alopecia treatment, offering potential benefits for both hair and scalp health. Our Solution: With a database of over 20,000 microbiome samples and 4,000 ingredients, and a global network of more than 10,000 testing participants, Sequential offers comprehensive services to evaluate product impacts and formulations. Our customisable microbiome studies provide real-life context testing, and our formulation support ensures products maintain biome integrity, making us the ideal partner for your product development and efficacy needs. References: Bae, W.-Y., Jung, W.-H., Shin, S.L., Kim, T.-R., Sohn, M., Suk, J., Jung, I., Lee, Y.I. & Lee, J.H. (2024) Heat-treated Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 with menthol, salicylic acid, and panthenol promotes hair growth and regulates hair scalp microbiome balance in androgenetic alopecia: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology . n/a (n/a). doi:10.1111/jocd.16357. Jo, H., Kim, S.Y., Kang, B.H., Baek, C., Kwon, J.E., Jeang, J.W., Heo, Y.M., Kim, H.-B., Heo, C.Y., Kang, S.M., Shin, B.H., Nam, D.Y., Lee, Y.-G., Kang, S.C. & Lee, D.-G. (2022) Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, a Novel Strain Derived from the Human Microbiome, and Its Efficacy as a Treatment for Hair Loss. Molecules . 27 (16). doi:10.3390/molecules27165136. Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Ran, C., Zhou, Y., Zhao, Z., Xu, T., Hou, H. & Lu, Y. (2024) Characterization of distinct microbiota associated with androgenetic alopecia patients treated and untreated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Animal Models and Experimental Medicine . 7 (2), 106–113. doi:10.1002/ame2.12414. View All Other Pages (28) Search Results | Sequential Search Results All (70) Research Articles (42) Other Pages (28) 70 items found Research Articles (42) Wound Wonders: Innovation in the Microbiome Space for Burn Healing In the UK, around 120,000 people visit A&E annually due to burn injuries, with 72% resulting in hypertrophic scarring, a type of raised scar that forms within the boundaries of the original wound due to excessive collagen production during healing. While traditional wound dressings effectively promote healing, there’s growing interest in innovative approaches that address post-burn scarring more effectively. What We Know: Traditional dressings help close and heal wounds by providing hydration and antimicrobial protection, but they aren’t designed to prevent or treat post-burn scarring. Burns disrupt the skin’s microbial balance, favouring heat-loving microbes like Aeribacillus, Caldalkalibacillus and Nesterenkonia while reducing beneficial bacteria such as Cutibacterium, Staphylococci and Corynebacteria . Increased levels of Corynebacterium are linked to higher infection risks, whereas Staphylococci and Cutibacterium are associated with lower infection rates post-burn (Yang et al., 2024). Despite reduced bacterial richness at the genus level, burn patients exhibit increased microbial community diversity and evenness. This altered microbial landscape, marked by a lower overall bacterial burden and an overgrowth of Staphylococcus species, highlights a persistent dysbiotic state in the skin microbiota during the subacute phase of wound healing (Liu et al., 2018) . Industry Impact and Potential: @Healome Therapeutics has developed a groundbreaking bioactive skin dressing technology, recently cleared by the @Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for a phase I trial aimed at reducing scarring. The trial, conducted at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, UK, involves 25 patients with burns covering 3-20% of their body surface. Healome’s innovative dressing is a clear film that not only offers the benefits of traditional wound dressings but also incorporates synthetic human-derived decorin protein, which plays a critical role in wound healing. This protein reduces the inflammatory response and regulates the wound’s microenvironment. Early research suggests that this approach may reduce fibrosis and promote tissue regeneration, offering new hope for scar management in burn patients. Products like Healome’s dressing showcase the exciting potential of using the microbiome and skin environment to enhance wound healing, paving the way for future innovations in burn care. Our Solution: At Sequential, we offer comprehensive services for evaluating product impacts and formulations, supported by a vast database of over 20,000 microbiome samples and 4,000 ingredients, along with a global network of more than 10,000 testing participants. Our customizable microbiome studies simulate real-world testing scenarios, ensuring that your products preserve biome integrity while delivering optimal results. References: Liu, S.-H., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, L.Y., Yu, S.-C., Yu, H.-Y. & Chuang, S.-S. (2018) The skin microbiome of wound scars and unaffected skin in patients with moderate to severe burns in the subacute phase. Wound Repair and Regeneration: Official Publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society. 26 (2), 182–191. doi:10.1111/wrr.12632. Yang, Y., Huang, J., Zeng, A., Long, X., Yu, N. & Wang, X. (2024) The role of the skin microbiome in wound healing. Burns & Trauma. 12, tkad059. doi:10.1093/burnst/tkad059. Is Swimming Wrecking Your Skin Microbiome? Swimming is a widely enjoyed physical activity that provides various health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular fitness, enhanced muscle strength, and reduced stress levels. Nevertheless, swimming also involves exposure to different water environments, including chlorinated pools, seawater, and freshwater lakes. Each of these environments possesses distinct chemical and microbial properties that can uniquely affect the skin microbiome. Consequently, comprehending the significance of the skin microbiome in swimming is essential. What we know: Studies have found that exposure to chlorinated pool water reduces microbial diversity on the skin, as it acts as a disinfectant, killing both harmful and beneficial bacteria, which can lead to an imbalance in the skin microbiome. This imbalance may increase the risk of skin conditions like dermatitis and infections (Puce et al ., 2022). Ocean water contains a diverse range of marine bacteria, thereby enhancing the diversity of the skin microbiome. The ocean water simultaneously removes resident skin bacteria while depositing ocean-borne bacteria onto the skin (Nielsen et al ., 2019). The predominating phyla Actinobacteria , Firmicutes , and Proteobacteria on the skin changed after swimming when compared to before swimming tends to decrease, whereas Bacteroidetes tends to increase. As time passed, the bacterial community composition trended towards baseline (Nielsen et al ., 2019). The quantity of Vibrio spp. found on human skin was over ten times higher than that in the ocean water sample (which was only 0.032%), indicating that Vibrio spp. has a particular affinity for adhering to human skin (Nielsen et al ., 2019). Industry impact & potential: Research shows that males are more prone to acquiring infections from Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas spp. following water exposure. Future research could provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to these infections and explore potential differences in the skin microbiome between males and females after such exposure (Nielsen et al ., 2019). Formulations such as post and pre-swim cleansers and moisturizers should be designed to aid in microbiome recovery while also protecting the skin from chlorine and salt damage. Our solution: Sequential, is a company focusing on microbiome studies. We carry out various services from clinical testing to helping with formulations. We have at home testing kits that will allow you to discover the state of your skin microbiome. Through our Skin Health Tracker app, we can give you tips on how you can improve your skin and the microbiome. Reference: Nielsen MC, Jiang SC. Alterations of the human skin microbiome after ocean water exposure. Mar Pollut Bull. 2019 Aug;145:595-603. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.047. Epub 2019 Jul 2. PMID: 31590829; PMCID: PMC8061468. Puce L, Hampton-Marcell J, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Chtourou H, Boulares A, Marinelli L, Mori L, Cotellessa F, Currà A, Trompetto C, Bragazzi NL. Swimming and the human microbiome at the intersection of sports, clinical, and environmental sciences: A scoping review of the literature. Front Microbiol. 2022 Aug 3;13:984867. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.984867. PMID: 35992695; PMCID: PMC9382026. Exploring the Impact of The Scalp Microbiome on Alopecia Treatments: New Insights and Innovations The scalp microbiome plays a crucial yet often overlooked role in the development and treatment of alopecia. Studies have shed light on how rebalancing these microbes can significantly enhance the efficacy of treatments for hair loss, offering new hope for patients. What We Know: Cutibacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp . constitute about 90% of healthy scalp microbiomes, with Corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Acinetobacter spp . and Prevotella spp . making up the remaining 10% (Jo et al., 2022) . Alopecia patients’ scalp microbiomes exhibit increased C. acnes , Stenotrophomonas geniculata, Wallemia and Eurotium , as well as reduced Malassezia, when compared to healthy individuals. Therefore, it is likely that an imbalance in scalp microbiota may contribute to alopecia (Zhang et al., 2024) . Industry Impact and Potential: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven effective in treating alopecia, but its impact on the scalp microbiome was previously unexplored. A recent study revealed that PRP treatment rebalances the scalp microbiome, specifically increasing Cutibacterium levels while decreasing Staphylococcus and Lawsonella levels (Zhang et al., 2024) . Cutibacterium plays a vital role in maintaining skin homeostasis and is crucial for lipid regulation, follicular niche competition, immune regulation and mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, the balance between Cutibacterium and Staphylococcus is important for regulating immune response. Reduction in Lawsonella suggests decreased scalp sebum production following treatment. This is relevant to alopecia treatment, as imbalances in sebum production can exacerbate hair loss by contributing to inflammation and follicle damage (Zhang et al., 2024) . Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 and its heat-treated version HT-LM1020, can help promote hair growth on human scalp tissue and dermal papilla cells. These bacteria work with other ingredients to fight hair loss by boosting cell growth and regulating the expression of proteins important for cell division (Bae et al., 2024) . AMOREPACIFIC patented a composition that uses extracellular follicles derived from LAB to prevent hair loss, stimulate hair growth and support overall hair health. These extracellular follicles (cellular components or secretions released by the bacteria) represent a promising advancement in alopecia treatment, offering potential benefits for both hair and scalp health. Our Solution: With a database of over 20,000 microbiome samples and 4,000 ingredients, and a global network of more than 10,000 testing participants, Sequential offers comprehensive services to evaluate product impacts and formulations. Our customisable microbiome studies provide real-life context testing, and our formulation support ensures products maintain biome integrity, making us the ideal partner for your product development and efficacy needs. References: Bae, W.-Y., Jung, W.-H., Shin, S.L., Kim, T.-R., Sohn, M., Suk, J., Jung, I., Lee, Y.I. & Lee, J.H. (2024) Heat-treated Limosilactobacillus fermentum LM1020 with menthol, salicylic acid, and panthenol promotes hair growth and regulates hair scalp microbiome balance in androgenetic alopecia: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology . n/a (n/a). doi:10.1111/jocd.16357. Jo, H., Kim, S.Y., Kang, B.H., Baek, C., Kwon, J.E., Jeang, J.W., Heo, Y.M., Kim, H.-B., Heo, C.Y., Kang, S.M., Shin, B.H., Nam, D.Y., Lee, Y.-G., Kang, S.C. & Lee, D.-G. (2022) Staphylococcus epidermidis Cicaria, a Novel Strain Derived from the Human Microbiome, and Its Efficacy as a Treatment for Hair Loss. Molecules . 27 (16). doi:10.3390/molecules27165136. Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Ran, C., Zhou, Y., Zhao, Z., Xu, T., Hou, H. & Lu, Y. (2024) Characterization of distinct microbiota associated with androgenetic alopecia patients treated and untreated with platelet‐rich plasma (PRP). Animal Models and Experimental Medicine . 7 (2), 106–113. doi:10.1002/ame2.12414. View All Other Pages (28) Sequential Alle Awards | Sequential Allē Award: Sequential Wins Prestigious “Most Significant” Testing Method After being listed as a finalist as best ‘Claims testing methods & tools’ alongside Evonik, and XCellR8 - Sequential brings home top prize in C&T’s Allē Awards, 2022. ​ The personal care and cosmetics industry in the US is valued at $190B. In the context of the skin microbiome, the industry is still a relatively nascent field. However, its projected growth is significant, estimated to grow at a compounded annual growth of 29.2% between 2022-2028. Owed to the impact of products on the skin microbiome, consumer awareness, and understanding that our microbiome is intimately linked to our health. ​ Sequential is the B2B microbiome testing arm for Sequential Skin Ltd, which has developed the world’s first end-to-end platform for companies to evaluate their products on the microbiome in vivo. They specialize in skin, scalp and intimate area microbiome. ​ "Of all the 'microbiome friendly' methodologies working to address both consumer and industry concerns about the impact of cosmetics on the microbiome, this is, in my opinion, the most quantitative and promising of the lot." – C&T's Allē Award judges, 2022. ​ The company has developed a proprietary non-invasive method for collecting skin samples to analyze the skin microbiome using next-generation sequencing (NGS), with species and strain identification, in longitudinal (and clinical) studies. Services include data interpretation and the results are reported in a comprehensive, yet understandable format, ready for formulators and research scientists to incorporate into their product development pipeline. ​ “The Allē Award gives us strong confidence in the testing platform and capabilities we’ve built in Sequential. Being the first to develop an in vivo microbiome test for the industry, we’re proud to see our hard work paying off” — Petronille Houdart, DPharm, skincare director at Sequential. ​ ​ About Sequential ​ Sequential is part of the Sequential Skin group – with a US lab in New York City, alongside a lab in London and a lab in Singapore. Sequential team has over 20 years of combined expertise in genetics, epigenetics, and microbiome research. ​ Sequential has validated its AI-driven testing platform with over 30 companies, analyzing over 12,000 skin microbiome samples. They specialise in skin, scalp and vulva/vaginal microbiome samples. They are supported by Enterprise SG, A*STAR, Genome Institute of Singapore, IndieBio New York, SOSV, Metaplanet Holdings, Scrum Ventures, Genedant VC, Ben Holmes (ex. General Partner at Index Ventures), Innovate UK, and are a resident company of Johnson & Johnson Innovation – JLABS. Scalp Microbiome Testing | Sequential Scalp Microbiome Testing As the scalp care industry grows, consumers demand transparency from the brands formulating their products. It has become essential for formulators to create products they are willing to test to present scientifically backed data-driven evidence of their products' true effects. Sequential offers microbiome testing for your scalp care formulations, ranging from scalp serums, shampoos, conditioners, oils, etc. We are dedicated to understanding how your product interacts with the scalp and its microbes. Depending on how in-depth you want to go, we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. Download Case Study! Personalized Approach to Testing Unlike other methodologies present within the industry, Sequential's approach ensures that your product's data and analysis will stand the test of industry regulations when they are introduced. You can tailor your study entirely to your unique requirements. Test Products in a Real-Life Context The microbiome comprises a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that live together in a delicate balance, which is why it's best to test directly upon it directly. To fully understand the impact a product is having on the microbiome, in vivo is the only way. Collect Longitudinal Data With in vivo testing we can design your study around the extended use of a product over multiple time points. This allows us to review how a product is performing before and after usage, but also take into account its gradual impact on the microbiome. Measure Against a Control Group Measure a product against a control group that might have a different percentage of your active ingredient within its formulation or no active at all. This will allow for deeper insights into the impact of a formulation on microbial balance and diversity. 4 Sequencing Reports To Pick From Depending on your development stage and what you are interested in studying we offer qPCR, 16S, ITS, and Shotgun Metagenomics. With our qPCR Smart Probes™ we can go down to the strain level in our analysis. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Unlike hair, the scalp is formed of a living community of microorganisms such as bacterial and fungal players that can influence the balance of the scalp microbiome, even the subtlest of imbalances can lead to issues such as dandruff, itching, and irritation, resulting in unwanted flaking. Smart Probe s ™ Our dedicated team of scientists have developed a method of evaluating microbes through our Smart Probes ™ . These refer to a panel of 20 key microbes we have specifically identified as having the most impact on scalp health. Over and above the taxonomic characterisation that 16S offers, which gives us a snapshot of all the genus present within a collected sample (Cutibacterium , Staphylococcus , etc.) our targeted approach takes it a step further, opening the lens to the species (C. acnes ), sub-species (C. acnes defendens ) and even strains within them. This is a crucial distinction as not all strains of a species behave similarly. We find that within these species there are strains associated with inflammation and strains that are commensal, and beneficial. Gold Standard Certification Sequential has developed the gold standard test for products designed to target the microbiome, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. ​ Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of micro-organisms found on the body, before and after product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial balance and diversity, and particular micro-organisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. ​ We give you an in vivo certification that your product maintains the microbiome. And it’s not exclusive to skincare! We do this for haircare products, oral products, and vulva/vaginal microbiomes. Personalize Your Microbiome Study! Supplement Your Microbiome Study Recruitment Services Let us take care of the entire candidate recruitment process for you! View More Biophysical Assessments Increase your data on the use of your product by evaluating additional biophysical factors. View More Formulation Support Seek consultation advice for your formulation if you are re-formulating or developing a new product. View More FAQ What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations. Personal Skin Health Tracker - Sequential Skin - Skin age Test The skin health tracker Benefit of your personal Skin Health Tracker Download your personal Skin Health Tracker app to receive your microbiome test results and unlock personalized skincare tips. Results Skin Profile Receive your comprehensive skin microbiome sample results. Results Accessibility Access to your Skin Profile results in the palm of your hand. Results Unlock Our Expertise Learn skincare tips to help you with your own perceived skin traits. Results Discover Learn more about the skin microbiome through our Discover articles. What is Sequential's testing platform? Sequential has developed the gold standard test for microbiome-friendly products, in vivo (in, or on, humans). Finally, we can give some certainty about if a product is truly affecting the microbiome. We offer a complete end-to-end solution to support microbiome-friendly claims. From consultancy and study design to our proprietary microbiome testing kits. We analyse, interpret and report our findings to meet your needs. Why is it necessary to test the microbiome in vivo? At present, there are no regulations for microbiome-related formulas that brands and formulators can follow, however, it has been universally acknowledged that the in vivo method of conducting clinical studies is becoming critical and paramount to getting marketing claims through. When regulations are introduced, which may be imminent, the in vitro system will find itself lacking, resulting in limited claims and certifications that do not hold their value. This is why, we at Sequential strive to offer an in vivo approach, knowing full well that we want our client's claims to be significantly backed by scientific and quantifiable data. What type of sequencing technology does Sequential use for analysis? We offer four types of sequencing techniques including qPCR with our Smart Probes™, 16S, ITS and Shotgun Metagenomics. Using next-generation sequencing of the collection of microorganisms found on the body, during product usage, Sequential investigates the microbial diversity, and particular microorganisms we know are important and play a role in a healthy microbiome. Does Sequential offer claims certification for tested products? We provide our clients with a certification to claim “Maintains the Microbiome” subject to in vivo testing results which can be used in communication efforts. Once your product is tested with our qPCR Smart Probes™ and has shown favourable results in supporting the microbiome, we can certify your product with our Maintains the Microbiome certification seal. We have ensured that our seal and certification are backed by quantifiable data and scientifically significant markers. The aim is to ensure our clients feel confident in making their claims and can communicate the true benefit of their microbiome formulations. Unearth the secrets of your microbiome View All Research | Sequential The Skin Microbiome Review All Posts White Papers Skin Microbiome Scalp Microbiome Vaginal Microbiome Oral Microbiome Baby Microbiome 33 minutes ago Skin Microbiome Wound Wonders: Innovation in the Microbiome Space for Burn Healing In the UK, around 120,000 people visit A&E annually due to burn injuries, with 72% resulting in hypertrophic scarring, a type of raised... 6 days ago Skin Microbiome Is Swimming Wrecking Your Skin Microbiome? Swimming is a widely enjoyed physical activity that provides various health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular fitness, enhanced... Aug 21 Scalp Microbiome Exploring the Impact of The Scalp Microbiome on Alopecia Treatments: New Insights and Innovations The scalp microbiome plays a crucial yet often overlooked role in the development and treatment of alopecia. Studies have shed light on... Aug 16 Skin Microbiome Diabetes Dilemma: The Skin Microbiome’s Influence on Diabetic Skin and Wound Healing Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels due to abnormal insulin production or insulin... Aug 14 Is Micro-Botox Disrupting the Skin's Microbiome Balance? Micro-Botox is a specialised technique involving the injecting of diluted botulinum toxin into the skin. It is a frequently performed... Aug 9 Skin Microbiome Could Snail Mucin Be the Secret to a Thriving Skin Microbiome? Snail mucin is the secretion produced by various species of snails, and it has recently gained attention for its potential benefits in... Aug 9 Oral Microbiome Igniting Inquiry: Unravelling Smoking's Impact on the Oral Microbiome While the harmful effects of smoking on overall health are widely recognised, its impact on the oral microbiome is still not fully... Aug 2 Skin Microbiome Don't Sweat It: How Deodorant Disrupts Your Underarm Microbiome The underarm (axillary) microbiome plays a crucial role in body odour production. Although deodorants and fragranced cosmetic products... Aug 1 Skin Microbiome Mosquitoes vs. Microbes: Can Your Skin's Secret Agents Defend Against Malaria? Malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases of the last century, posing a significant global health challenge. Researchers are... Jul 22 Skin Microbiome The Microbial Mysteries of Sensitive Skin: Unveiling the Microbiome's Role Sensitive skin (SS), also known as cutaneous sensory syndrome, is characterised by abnormal hypersensitivity to various stimuli, leading... Jul 5 Scalp Microbiome Unlocking the Power of Rosemary Oil: Is This A Natural Solution for Scalp Health? Rosemary oil has become increasingly popular in the hair care cosmetics industry, praised for its potential to improve scalp health and... Jun 28 Skin Microbiome The Hidden Changes: How Does Ageing Transform Our Skin Microbiome? Although the ageing process is complex and individualised, research highlights the significant role of the skin microbiome in skin... Jun 25 White Papers Artificial Intelligence: Decoding the Microbiome or Complicating It? The skin microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms living on our skin, plays a crucial role... Jun 21 Oral Microbiome More Than Just the Mouth: Therapeutic Insights Into the Oral Microbiome's Role in Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by memory loss, changes in personality and behaviour... Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding the Gut-Skin Axis Both the gut and skin are colonised with distinct microbial communities and operate as crucial organs in the body. Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding Skin Ageing Skin ageing is a natural and inevitable process caused by structural and functional changes in skin cells due to intrinsic and extrinsic fac Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding Atopic Dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterised by inflamed, dry Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Acne & The Skin Microbiome? Acne is a well-known chronic inflammatory condition that impacts individuals of all age groups worldwide. Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Illuminating the Skin: The Influence of LED Masks on the Skin Microbiome In the world of skincare, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has emerged as a powerful tool, emitting specific wavelengths of light,... Jun 14 Scalp Microbiome Exploring the Intricacies of Scalp and Hair Microbiomes: Unveiling Host Factors and Industry Implications The scalp hair shaft microbiota is distinct from that of the scalp skin. Jun 14 Skin Microbiome What Role Does the Skin Microbiome Play in the Complex Process of Wound Healing? The interplay between skin wounds and the skin microbiome presents a captivating area of study. May 17 Scalp Microbiome Unveiling the Enigma of Fungal Acne: How Does the Skin Microbiome Cause Malassezia Folliculitis? Often colloquially termed "fungal acne," Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is an infection of the hair follicle triggered by yeasts belonging to May 17 Vaginal Microbiome Delving into Feminine Wellness: Redefining Intimate Care with the Vulvar Microbiome While our understanding of the microbial composition of the vulva is still evolving, it holds the potential to maintain overall genital heal May 17 Skin Microbiome How Does the Skin Microbiome Influence Rosacea? Unveiling the Microbial Puzzle Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, involves complex interactions between the skin microbiota and host conditions. Terms and Conditions | Sequential Terms Of Use Last updated: 13 March 2024 ​ Please read these terms of use ("Terms", "Terms of Use") carefully before using the www.sequential.bio website (the "Service") operated by Sequential Skin Ltd ("us", "we", or "our"). ​ Your access to and use of the Service is conditioned on your acceptance of and compliance with these Terms. These Terms apply to all visitors, users, and others who access or use the Service. ​ By accessing or using the Service, you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you disagree with any part of the terms, then you may not access the Service. ​ Accounts ​ When you create an account with us, you must provide us with information that is accurate, complete, and current at all times. 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The Skin Microbiome Review All Posts White Papers Skin Microbiome Scalp Microbiome Vaginal Microbiome Oral Microbiome Baby Microbiome 33 minutes ago Skin Microbiome Wound Wonders: Innovation in the Microbiome Space for Burn Healing In the UK, around 120,000 people visit A&E annually due to burn injuries, with 72% resulting in hypertrophic scarring, a type of raised... 6 days ago Skin Microbiome Is Swimming Wrecking Your Skin Microbiome? Swimming is a widely enjoyed physical activity that provides various health benefits, such as improved cardiovascular fitness, enhanced... Aug 21 Scalp Microbiome Exploring the Impact of The Scalp Microbiome on Alopecia Treatments: New Insights and Innovations The scalp microbiome plays a crucial yet often overlooked role in the development and treatment of alopecia. Studies have shed light on... Aug 16 Skin Microbiome Diabetes Dilemma: The Skin Microbiome’s Influence on Diabetic Skin and Wound Healing Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition marked by elevated blood glucose levels due to abnormal insulin production or insulin... Aug 14 Is Micro-Botox Disrupting the Skin's Microbiome Balance? Micro-Botox is a specialised technique involving the injecting of diluted botulinum toxin into the skin. It is a frequently performed... Aug 9 Skin Microbiome Could Snail Mucin Be the Secret to a Thriving Skin Microbiome? Snail mucin is the secretion produced by various species of snails, and it has recently gained attention for its potential benefits in... Aug 9 Oral Microbiome Igniting Inquiry: Unravelling Smoking's Impact on the Oral Microbiome While the harmful effects of smoking on overall health are widely recognised, its impact on the oral microbiome is still not fully... Aug 2 Skin Microbiome Don't Sweat It: How Deodorant Disrupts Your Underarm Microbiome The underarm (axillary) microbiome plays a crucial role in body odour production. Although deodorants and fragranced cosmetic products... Aug 1 Skin Microbiome Mosquitoes vs. Microbes: Can Your Skin's Secret Agents Defend Against Malaria? Malaria remains one of the deadliest diseases of the last century, posing a significant global health challenge. Researchers are... Jul 22 Skin Microbiome The Microbial Mysteries of Sensitive Skin: Unveiling the Microbiome's Role Sensitive skin (SS), also known as cutaneous sensory syndrome, is characterised by abnormal hypersensitivity to various stimuli, leading... Jul 5 Scalp Microbiome Unlocking the Power of Rosemary Oil: Is This A Natural Solution for Scalp Health? Rosemary oil has become increasingly popular in the hair care cosmetics industry, praised for its potential to improve scalp health and... Jun 28 Skin Microbiome The Hidden Changes: How Does Ageing Transform Our Skin Microbiome? Although the ageing process is complex and individualised, research highlights the significant role of the skin microbiome in skin... Jun 25 White Papers Artificial Intelligence: Decoding the Microbiome or Complicating It? The skin microbiome, a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms living on our skin, plays a crucial role... Jun 21 Oral Microbiome More Than Just the Mouth: Therapeutic Insights Into the Oral Microbiome's Role in Alzheimer's Disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterised by memory loss, changes in personality and behaviour... Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding the Gut-Skin Axis Both the gut and skin are colonised with distinct microbial communities and operate as crucial organs in the body. Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding Skin Ageing Skin ageing is a natural and inevitable process caused by structural and functional changes in skin cells due to intrinsic and extrinsic fac Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Understanding Atopic Dermatitis Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterised by inflamed, dry Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Acne & The Skin Microbiome? Acne is a well-known chronic inflammatory condition that impacts individuals of all age groups worldwide. Jun 19 Skin Microbiome Illuminating the Skin: The Influence of LED Masks on the Skin Microbiome In the world of skincare, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has emerged as a powerful tool, emitting specific wavelengths of light,... Jun 14 Scalp Microbiome Exploring the Intricacies of Scalp and Hair Microbiomes: Unveiling Host Factors and Industry Implications The scalp hair shaft microbiota is distinct from that of the scalp skin. Jun 14 Skin Microbiome What Role Does the Skin Microbiome Play in the Complex Process of Wound Healing? The interplay between skin wounds and the skin microbiome presents a captivating area of study. May 17 Scalp Microbiome Unveiling the Enigma of Fungal Acne: How Does the Skin Microbiome Cause Malassezia Folliculitis? Often colloquially termed "fungal acne," Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is an infection of the hair follicle triggered by yeasts belonging to May 17 Vaginal Microbiome Delving into Feminine Wellness: Redefining Intimate Care with the Vulvar Microbiome While our understanding of the microbial composition of the vulva is still evolving, it holds the potential to maintain overall genital heal May 17 Skin Microbiome How Does the Skin Microbiome Influence Rosacea? Unveiling the Microbial Puzzle Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, involves complex interactions between the skin microbiota and host conditions.