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From Apes to Us: The Evolution of the Skin Microbiome
- Shalindri Jayawardene
- Jul 1
- 2 min read
Scientific research has demonstrated that the human skin microbiome has been shaped by both evolutionary history and modern lifestyle changes. While we share much of our DNA with primates, our microbial communities have diverged in ways that influence skin health, immunity and even our interactions with the environment.
What We Know:
Despite sharing over 98% of our DNA with some primates, research on the skin microbiomes of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques and baboons shows that the human skin microbiome is uniquely distinct in both composition and diversity. This divergence is hypothesised to stem from millions of years of evolutionary changes, as well as more recent shifts in hygiene practices (Council et al., 2016).
The distribution of skin glands varies among primates, particularly eccrine (sweat), apocrine (scent) and sebaceous (sebum) glands. Since these glands secrete substances that serve as nutrients for microbes, differences in their distribution are thought to play a key role in shaping the unique skin microbiomes of different primate species (Council et al., 2016).
Unlike other primates, humans regularly use soaps, detergents and personal care products, significantly altering microbial communities in ways that are not observed in non-human primates (Council et al., 2016).
Humans also harbour fewer environmental microbes (e.g., from soil and faeces) and have a higher dominance of Staphylococcaceae, compared to other primates. This shift raises important questions about its evolutionary significance and potential impact on skin health (Council et al., 2016).
Industry Impact and Potential:
These insights highlight the impact of modern personal care routines on microbial ecosystems. Studies show that regular deodorant and antiperspirant use shifts the axillary (underarm) microbiome from Corynebacterium to Staphylococcaceae, whereas those who abstain maintain microbial profiles more similar to non-human apes (Council et al., 2016).
This suggests that modern hygiene habits do more than control odour - they reshape axillary microbial ecosystems. Given that Staphylococcus species attract mosquitoes, including malaria vectors, these shifts may have unexpected implications for both evolution and health. With growing consumer interest in product formulations that sustain microbiome integrity, there is increasing demand for products that support microbial balance. Understanding these interactions paves the way for targeted skincare and hygiene solutions that work with the microbiome rather than against it (Council et al., 2016).
Our Solution:
With 20,000 microbiome samples, 4,000 tested ingredients and a global network of over 10,000 testing participants, Sequential provides cutting-edge microbiome analysis services. Our commitment to preserving microbiome integrity makes us an ideal partner for developing customised microbiome-friendly products for skin, scalp and intimate care.
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