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Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, how they are expressed, modified and interact with the body. In skincare, proteomics is emerging as a powerful tool to understand how products influence skin function at a molecular level. Proteins play an important part in many skin processes and by analysing them, offers a more accurate picture of skin health, deeper than surface level observations alone. Unlike genomics, proteomics captures which proteins are present and ac

City living exposes skin to constant, invisible stress such as pollutants, heavy metals and airborne microbes. This exposure changes the behaviour of the skin in terms of 1) how well it tolerates ingredients, 2) how quickly irritation appears, and 3) how long recovery takes after disruption. These changes are not just theoretical, research consistently shows measurable biological differences in pollution-exposed skin.   What We Know: Research demonstrates that continuous poll

The gut and skin are connected through shared metabolic, immune and microbial pathways. When the gut microbiome becomes imbalanced, it can heighten systemic inflammation, worsening visible concerns such as acne, eczema, excess oil, redness and slow healing. Likewise, when the skin barrier is compromised, this can influence gut immune tolerance and increase reactivity to foods or environmental triggers. Rather than operating separately, gut and skin act as interacting ecosyste

Many people assume there is a single “healthy” or “perfect” microbiome to aim for, but in reality no two microbiomes are alike. Your skin’s microbiome is shaped by genetics, environment, ethnicity, lifestyle, hormones and even climate. Even people with the same skin type or routine can show distinct microbial profiles. What keeps one person’s skin balanced may do little for another, and in some cases can trigger disruption. What We Know: Research shows that: A healthy microbi

Skin sensitivity is often treated as a surface level reaction, yet it can reflect a loss of microbial diversity and function. When microbial networks lose complexity and diversity, it can disrupt the production of microbial metabolites that are essential for maintaining skin barrier integrity, and modulating immune responses. This can lead to heightened stinging, redness, and reactivity to products previously tolerated.   What we know: Research has shown that: Reduced microbi

With LED face masks and light-based skincare rapidly increasing in popularity, light has become a new frontier in skin health. Previously seen as a threat and something that we needed to block or avoid, light is now being seen as therapeutic tool. Yet beyond the visible changes to tone and texture, light also interacts with the skin microbiome. Understanding how different wavelengths influence this ecosystem is key to ensuring that light enhances, rather than harms, our skin’

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common inflammatory skin condition primarily affecting the scalp, face and chest. It appears as red, flaky, greasy patches or plaques and can cause itching and discomfort. It is a non-contagious condition varying in severity, from mild dandruff to persistent inflamed lesions. What we know: SD is linked to three main factors: increased sebum (oil) production, colonization by Malassezia  yeast, and an abnormal immune response. Genetics, skin barr

Protein may be best known for building muscle, but in skincare, it plays an equally vital role. From the nutrients we eat to the peptides in formulations, protein helps power the strength, and resilience of our skin, showing that real skin health starts from both inside and out.   What we know: Despite its reputation as a nutritional staple, protein plays a foundational role in skin biology and microbiome health. Research shows that: Collagen, elastin, and keratin form the sk

Within the skincare sector, Vitamin C has been hailed as an all-round skincare essential product with capabilities of for brightening, antioxidant protection, and collagen support however, its specific effects on the skin microbiome are only beginning to be understood.  What we know: Emerging research suggests that Vitamin C, whether taken as a supplement or applied topically, can support microbial diversity, modulate immune responses, and aid in wound healing. Topical Vitami

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has gained significant attention in the skincare world, celebrated for its powerful antibacterial properties and...

Silver is widely recognised for its antimicrobial properties, but its precise effects on the skin microbiome remain an emerging area of...

Introduction Hyperpigmentation is a common and usually harmless dermatological condition characterised by patches of skin that are darker...

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent condition impacting seborrheic (oily) areas of the body such as the face, chest, and back. Its onset has...

Introduction Besides the gut, the epidermis possesses one of the largest surface areas for direct contact and colonisation with...

Scientific research has demonstrated that the human skin microbiome has been shaped by both evolutionary history and modern lifestyle...

Rosacea, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, is characterised by complex interactions between the skin microbiome and host factors,...

Studying the skin microbiome poses unique challenges, primarily due to the complexity of replicating its intricate environment in vitro....

Introduction The crucial role of the skin microbiome in aiding the development and maintenance of host cutaneous health and immunity has...

Beef tallow has recently gained popularity as a natural solution for various skin concerns. Despite anecdotal support, scientific...

The skin barrier is a vital defence, protecting the body from environmental threats and maintaining overall skin health. Emerging...