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Introduction Periodontal disease arises from a disruption of the normal bacterial balance in the oral cavity, leading to chronic inflammation of the gingiva and, in advanced cases, irreversible damage to the supporting tissues of the teeth. Gingivitis, the early and reversible stage, affects a large proportion of adults worldwide and can progress to periodontitis if left unmanaged. Globally, periodontal disease represents a significant public health burden, contributing to di

Introduction  The oral cavity supports complex microbial communities that play a crucial role in both oral and systemic health. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to conditions such as gingivitis and periodontitis. Certain species, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis , act as pathogens that promote disease progression even at low abundance. Oral biofilm development follows a structured sequence, beginning with early colonizers such as Streptococcus , which alter lo

Introduction The oral cavity is one of the most structurally diverse environments in the human body, with a unique microbial ecosystem (i.e., microbiome) consisting of bacteria, fungi, viruses and other groups of microorganisms that inhabit and colonise its various physical niches like teeth, gingiva, inner cheeks and saliva (Reynoso-García et al. , 2022). Here, these microbes play a vital role in driving oral health and disease progression, with the majority of bacteria in t

An imbalanced oral microbiome is a key contributor to the development of dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis. Probiotics offer...

Emerging research into the oral-gut microbiome axis highlights the profound impact of these interconnected ecosystems on systemic health....

Orthodontic devices, like thermoplastic retainers, are vital for maintaining teeth alignment after braces or preventing grinding....

The relationship between our oral and gut microbiomes is a growing area of research, offering new insights into how these communities...

Diabetes mellitus is a recognised risk factor for the development of periodontitis, a gum disease that is characterised by the damage of...

Recent research into aroma perception - the process by which the brain detects scent molecules from food - has primarily focused on the...