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Protein may be best known for building muscle, but in skincare, it plays an equally vital role. From the nutrients we eat to the peptides in formulations, protein helps power the strength, and resilience of our skin, showing that real skin health starts from both inside and out.   What we know: Despite its reputation as a nutritional staple, protein plays a foundational role in skin biology and microbiome health. Research shows that: Collagen, elastin, and keratin form the sk

Introduction In the personal care industry, developing products that target or affect the skin, scalp, vaginal, and oral microbiome requires robust scientific validation that meets both biological and regulatory standards. While in vitro  (laboratory) testing provides valuable preliminary data, they cannot fully replicate the complex interactions occurring in the human body. Clinical testing in human subjects on the other hand captures the dynamic interactions between microbi

The lips may be a small part of the face, but biologically, they behave in entirely unique ways. As temperatures drop and humidity shifts, your lips feel the change immediately; a reminder of how delicate they are and how much care they truly need. What we know Despite their importance, lips remain one of the least researched skin sites, especially regarding the microbiome. Current scientific knowledge highlights that: Lip skin has significantly higher transepidermal water lo

Introduction Multiomics (i.e., multiple omics; hereafter referred to as omics) is an emerging interdisciplinary approach to studying complex systems that involves integration of biological data from multiple "omics" fields. Typically including a combination (or all) of the following: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics. This provides a comprehensive understanding of how these systems operate at multiple scales from the molecular to whole-organ

Within the skincare sector, Vitamin C has been hailed as an all-round skincare essential product with capabilities of for brightening, antioxidant protection, and collagen support however, its specific effects on the skin microbiome are only beginning to be understood.  What we know: Emerging research suggests that Vitamin C, whether taken as a supplement or applied topically, can support microbial diversity, modulate immune responses, and aid in wound healing. Topical Vitami

Teeth whitening, or dental bleaching, is a popular cosmetic procedure aimed at lightening teeth colour. Despite its widespread use, the impact of these treatments on the oral microbiome remains underexplored.  What We Know: Most in-office teeth whitening treatments rely on hydrogen peroxide (HP) or its precursor, carbamide peroxide (CP). As products containing > 0.1% peroxide are typically restricted to dentist-prescribed use, over-the-counter alternatives have emerged, inclu

Excess scalp sebum production - which causes greasy or oily hair roots - is closely linked to microbiome dysbiosis, sensitivity of the...

The female reproductive tract (FRT) and gut share bidirectional communication. These systems exchange not only microbes, but also...

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) has gained significant attention in the skincare world, celebrated for its powerful antibacterial properties and...

Silver is widely recognised for its antimicrobial properties, but its precise effects on the skin microbiome remain an emerging area of...

An imbalanced oral microbiome is a key contributor to the development of dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis. Probiotics offer...

Introduction Hyperpigmentation is a common and usually harmless dermatological condition characterised by patches of skin that are darker...